Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(D) Meiosis

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

(A) Mitosis

(B) Cytokenesis

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(A) DNA

(D) nucleic acids

(B) RNA

(C) proteins

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 1 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(D) carbohydrate storage

(C) lip[id transport

(B) ATP synthesis

(A) intracellular digestion

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(D) crossing-over

(B) nondisjunction

(C) deletion

(A) hybridization

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(A) chromosome condensation

(C) chromosome movement to poles

(B) crossing over

(D) chromatid separation

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(A) Epistasis

(D) Incoplete dominance

(B) Pleiotropy

(C) Codominance

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(D) neuroectoderm

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

(A) mesoderm

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(B) thymus

(D) bone marrow

(C) spleen

(A) pancreas

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(B) 2

(D) 4

(C) 3

(A) 1

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

(D) None of the above

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

(C) 23 autosomes + X

(B) 44 autosomes + X

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(A) population

(D) ecosystem

(B) species

(C) gene pool

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

217. Codons are:

(D) polypeptide triplets

(A) mucleotide triplets

(B) group of four nucleotides

(C) group of two nucleotides

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(C) it contains proteins

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(A) glycogen

(C) polypeptide

(D) glucose

(B) surcrose

296. Complete dominance is when:

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(A) A

(D) all of the above

(C) O

(B) B

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(C) a transfusion of platelets

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(C) DNA replication

(A) transcription

(B) translation

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(B) Nondisjunction

(D) Crossing-over

(A) Hybridization

(C) Deletion

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(A) RNA

(D) bacterial RNA

(B) DNA

(C) viral RNA

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(A) a blood type

(C) lymph circulation

(B) rheumatic fever

(D) blood pressure

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(D) adrenal cortex

(C) pancreas

(A) pineal gland

(B) posterior pituitary

239. A codon is:

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(C) enzymes

(B) rRNA

(D) DNA

(A) tRNA

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(B) 1 and 4

(A) 1 ansd 2

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

163. Phenotype

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(A) is represented by two alleles

(B) determines the genotype

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

B) Maxilla

D) Temporal

A) Occipital

C) Sphenoid

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(A) tibia

(B) femur

(C) sternum

(D) radius

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(D) All of the above

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

179. Karyotype is

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(A) chromosomal deletion

(C) gene mutation

(D) genomic mutation

(B) chromosomal inversion

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(A) alyoli

(D) tracheal system

(C) placenta

(B) lungs

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(C) pancreas

(D) adrenal cortex

(A) pineal gland

(B) posterior pituitary

190. Which is not correct:

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

203. The codon:

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

(C) is a regulative element

215. Monosomy is:

(B) chromosomal mutation

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

(A) Down syndrom

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

(B) Non-sexual cells

(D) All of the above

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(C) Mechanicity

(A) Spontaneity

(B) Reflexivity

(D) Automaticity

178. Mitochondria

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(C) telophase

(D) prophase

(A) interphase

(B) metaphase

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(C) Emulsify fats

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

(A) Break down all components of chyme

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(A) left artium

(C) left ventricle

(B) right artium

(D) right ventricle

247. Ribosomes:

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

(B) participate in protein synthesis

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

(B) Never produces progeny virus

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

(A) Is always malignant

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(B) Genes

(D) Bases

(A) Nuclei

(C) Chromatides

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(D) polyribosomes

(B) heterochromatin regions

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

(C) Barr bodies

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

271. Vitamins

(A) provide energy

(C) are needed in large amounts

(D) are all synthesized in the body

(B) are necessary for growth and development

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

(C) ABO incompatibility

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

(B) an autoimmune desease

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(D) disjunction

(A) synapsis

(B) nondisjunction

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

(D) All of the above

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(D) neuroectoderm

(C) ectoderm

(A) mesoderm

(B) endoderm

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(B) pituitary

(A) thyroid

(C) adrenal cortex

(D) pancreas

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(C) muscle tissue

(B) nervous tissue

(A) epithilial tissue

(D) adipose tissue

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(B) frameshift mutation

(D) all of these

(C) missense mutation

(A) nonsense mutation

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

amniotic fluid

(C) urine

(A) seminal fluid

(B) testosterone

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

(B) all trisomic gametes

(A) all monosomic gametes

(C) all haploid gametes

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(A) homozygous

(D) heterohomologous

(B) heterozygous

(C) homologous

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(A) Hormones

(B) Antibodies

(C) Antibiotics

(D) Interferons

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(A) they are spherical in shape

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(D) hypothalamus

(A) cetebellum

(C) medulla oblongata

(B) thalamus

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(A) ribosome

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

(B) nucleus

(D) mitochondria

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(C) Spine and brain

(A) Bones and muscles

(B) Muscles and skin

(D) Skin and intestines

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(C) Proteins

(B) Lipids

(D) Nucleic acids

(A) Carbohydrates

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(C) Emulsify fats

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(C) DNA replication

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

(A) cytokinesis

(B) DNA replication

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(B) Intracellular digestion

(D) Carbohydrate storage

(A) ATP Synthesis

(C) Lipid transport

171. In the DNA molecule

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(B) 1 and 3

(C) 1 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

185. A nonsense mutation

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(A) adenine to thymine

(D) adenine to cytosine

(B) adenine to uracil

(C) adenine to uanine

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(D) monosomy

(A) inversion

(C) trisomy

(B) duplication

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(A) bronchioles

(C) alveoli

(B) bronchi

(D) trachea

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

(B) the dominating species in the community

(C) the community and the biotope

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

(D) Mast cells and platelets

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(C) heterogymous

(D) Diplozymous

(A) Homozygous

(B) Homologous

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(C) Metabolism and growth

(D) Immune responses

(B) Sexual development and function

(A) Urine production

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(D) monosaccharides

(C) nitrogen bases

(B) nucleotides

(A) animo acds

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(D) resting potentials

(A) peripheral nervous system

(C) synaptic vesicles

(B) autonomic nervous system

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(B) T-Lymphocytes

(D) phagocytes

(A) platelets

(C) B-Lymphocytes

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(C) Adrenals

(A) Parathyroid gland

(D) Thyroid gland

(B) Thymus

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

(D) Produce stem cells

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(A) interphase and mitosis

(D) mitosis and meiosis

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(D) ovary

(C) fallopian tube

(B) uterus

(A) vagina

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(B) 2 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(C) Filters blood

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

(A) Produces urine

(D) Moves urine

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

(C) centromeres divide

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(A) 20%

(B) 30%

(D) 70%

(C) 40%

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(B) monogenic inheritance

(C) polygenic inheritance

(A) pleiotropy

(D) epistasis

211. Both DNA and RNA

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

contain phosphsate groups

(A) are polymers of animo acids

(B) are single-stranded molecules

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

(D) A and C

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(A) aoria

(D) coronary artery

(C) pulmonary vein

(B) pulmonary artery

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(A) Churning

(B) Peristaisis

(C) Deglutition

(D) Tenesmus

140. Blood type O

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(A) animals

(C) bacteria

(D) other viruses

(B) plants

161. Enzymes are

(D) inorganic compounds

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

(B) carbohydrates (

(A) proteins

294. Blood serum

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

(D) Consists of pure water

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

193. Which of the following is true?

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

(D) All of the above

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(C) progesterone

(A) estrogen

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(D) testosterone

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(C) Micturition

(D) Reabsorption

(B) Filtration

(A) Secretion

177. Population is

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

(A) 1 and 2

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

141. Proteins

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

297. Meiosis

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(D) 4n

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

(A) Inversion

(B) 2n + 1

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(C) Scapula

(D) Vertebra

(A) Rib

(B) Frontal bone

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(A) appendix

(C) stomach

(B) kidney

(D) liver

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(A) A

(B) O

(D) B

(C) AB

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(C) 1/8

(A) 1/2

(D) 1/16

(B) 1/4

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(A) exocrine cells

(B) endocrine cells

(D) neurocrine cells

(C) paracrine cells

183. Down syndrom results from

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(B) Exons

(D) Replicons

(C) Codons

(A) Introns

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(A) mesoderm

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(D) all of the above

(C) ectoderm

(B) mesoderm

(A) endoderm

204. The codon:

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

(D) is a regukative element

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(A) homeostasis

(C) osmosis

(D) aerobic circulation

(B) blood circulation

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(A) muscles

(D) brain

(B) heart

(C) bone marrow

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 4

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(D) polygenic inheritance

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

160. Primary protein structur

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(C) prophase I of meiosis

(A) telophase I of meiosis

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(D) anaphase of mitosis

257. Endocrine glands:

(B) secrete their products into the blood

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

(A) secrete vitamins

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(C) Go phase

(D) prophase

(A) M phase

(B) S phase

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

164. As a result of silent mutation

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

(C) a stop codon appears

(B) a chromosome disappears

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(D) Cyton

(B) Nephron

(C) Neuron

(A) Axon

Random biology final

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell