Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(C) gene mutation

(A) chromosomal deletion

(D) genomic mutation

(B) chromosomal inversion

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

(A) Is always malignant

(B) Never produces progeny virus

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(A) vagina

(C) fallopian tube

(D) ovary

(B) uterus

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(C) centromeres divide

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(D) trachea

(B) bronchi

(A) bronchioles

(C) alveoli

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

203. The codon:

(C) is a regulative element

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(B) nucleus

(A) ribosome

(D) mitochondria

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(B) autonomic nervous system

(D) resting potentials

(C) synaptic vesicles

(A) peripheral nervous system

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(C) polygenic inheritance

(D) epistasis

(B) monogenic inheritance

(A) pleiotropy

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(C) 3

(D) 4

(B) 2

(A) 1

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(D) DNA

(B) rRNA

(A) tRNA

(C) enzymes

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(B) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

(A) endoderm

(D) all of the above

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(C) ectoderm

(A) mesoderm

(B) endoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(B) an autoimmune desease

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

(C) ABO incompatibility

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(A) estrogen

(D) testosterone

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(C) progesterone

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(C) Emulsify fats

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(D) hypothalamus

(A) cetebellum

(C) medulla oblongata

(B) thalamus

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(A) 20%

(C) 40%

(B) 30%

(D) 70%

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(D) prophase

(B) S phase

(A) M phase

(C) Go phase

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(D) adenine to cytosine

(C) adenine to uanine

(B) adenine to uracil

(A) adenine to thymine

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(B) posterior pituitary

(A) pineal gland

(D) adrenal cortex

(C) pancreas

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(C) O

(A) A

(D) all of the above

(B) B

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(A) mesoderm

257. Endocrine glands:

(A) secrete vitamins

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

(B) secrete their products into the blood

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(A) Secretion

(B) Filtration

(C) Micturition

(D) Reabsorption

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(C) Spine and brain

(A) Bones and muscles

(D) Skin and intestines

(B) Muscles and skin

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(A) population

(D) ecosystem

(C) gene pool

(B) species

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(A) synapsis

(D) disjunction

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(B) nondisjunction

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

141. Proteins

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(D) pancreas

(A) thyroid

(C) adrenal cortex

(B) pituitary

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(C) left ventricle

(A) left artium

(D) right ventricle

(B) right artium

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(C) polypeptide

(A) glycogen

(D) glucose

(B) surcrose

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

164. As a result of silent mutation

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

(B) a chromosome disappears

(C) a stop codon appears

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(D) All of the above

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

(C) Emulsify fats

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(A) Break down all components of chyme

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(C) 23 autosomes + X

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(B) 44 autosomes + X

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

(D) mitosis and meiosis

(A) interphase and mitosis

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

204. The codon:

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

(D) is a regukative element

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

140. Blood type O

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

215. Monosomy is:

(A) Down syndrom

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

(B) chromosomal mutation

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(C) Adrenals

(B) Thymus

(A) Parathyroid gland

(D) Thyroid gland

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

171. In the DNA molecule

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(D) adrenal cortex

(C) pancreas

(B) posterior pituitary

(A) pineal gland

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(C) telophase

(D) prophase

(B) metaphase

(A) interphase

183. Down syndrom results from

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

(D) polygenic inheritance

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

211. Both DNA and RNA

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

(A) are polymers of animo acids

contain phosphsate groups

(B) are single-stranded molecules

296. Complete dominance is when:

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(A) Mitosis

(B) Cytokenesis

(D) Meiosis

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

297. Meiosis

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(C) prophase I of meiosis

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(D) anaphase of mitosis

(A) telophase I of meiosis

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 1 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 3

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 ansd 2

(B) 1 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(C) paracrine cells

(D) neurocrine cells

(A) exocrine cells

(B) endocrine cells

247. Ribosomes:

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

(B) participate in protein synthesis

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(B) ATP synthesis

(D) carbohydrate storage

(A) intracellular digestion

(C) lip[id transport

239. A codon is:

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(A) 1/2

(B) 1/4

(C) 1/8

(D) 1/16

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(C) proteins

(B) RNA

(D) nucleic acids

(A) DNA

161. Enzymes are

(B) carbohydrates (

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

(A) proteins

(D) inorganic compounds

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(D) None of the above

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

193. Which of the following is true?

(D) All of the above

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(B) Intracellular digestion

(D) Carbohydrate storage

(C) Lipid transport

(A) ATP Synthesis

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(B) 1 and 3

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(C) placenta

(A) alyoli

(B) lungs

(D) tracheal system

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(A) muscles

(C) bone marrow

(B) heart

(D) brain

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(B) Sexual development and function

(D) Immune responses

(A) Urine production

(C) Metabolism and growth

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(B) Non-sexual cells

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

(D) All of the above

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(C) Scapula

(D) Vertebra

(A) Rib

(B) Frontal bone

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

179. Karyotype is

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

(D) Produce stem cells

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

294. Blood serum

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

(D) Consists of pure water

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(B) DNA replication

(C) DNA replication

(A) cytokinesis

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

(A) seminal fluid

(C) urine

amniotic fluid

(B) testosterone

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(B) Reflexivity

(C) Mechanicity

(D) Automaticity

(A) Spontaneity

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(A) tibia

(D) radius

(B) femur

(C) sternum

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(C) muscle tissue

(A) epithilial tissue

(D) adipose tissue

(B) nervous tissue

271. Vitamins

(C) are needed in large amounts

(D) are all synthesized in the body

(A) provide energy

(B) are necessary for growth and development

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(B) Peristaisis

(A) Churning

(C) Deglutition

(D) Tenesmus

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(D) All of the above

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(B) frameshift mutation

(D) all of these

(A) nonsense mutation

(C) missense mutation

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(D) Crossing-over

(C) Deletion

(B) Nondisjunction

(A) Hybridization

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

(C) the community and the biotope

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

(B) the dominating species in the community

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

(D) A and C

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(C) it contains proteins

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

190. Which is not correct:

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(A) inversion

(D) monosomy

(C) trisomy

(B) duplication

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

(B) all trisomic gametes

(A) all monosomic gametes

(C) all haploid gametes

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

160. Primary protein structur

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(B) Lipids

(A) Carbohydrates

(C) Proteins

(D) Nucleic acids

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(A) RNA

(B) DNA

(D) bacterial RNA

(C) viral RNA

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

185. A nonsense mutation

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(A) Epistasis

(B) Pleiotropy

(C) Codominance

(D) Incoplete dominance

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(A) platelets

(B) T-Lymphocytes

(C) B-Lymphocytes

(D) phagocytes

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(C) homologous

(D) heterohomologous

(B) heterozygous

(A) homozygous

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

(C) DNA replication

(A) transcription

(B) translation

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(C) Neuron

(D) Cyton

(B) Nephron

(A) Axon

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(C) stomach

(D) liver

(B) kidney

(A) appendix

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(B) pulmonary artery

(C) pulmonary vein

(D) coronary artery

(A) aoria

163. Phenotype

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(A) is represented by two alleles

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

(B) determines the genotype

217. Codons are:

(C) group of two nucleotides

(A) mucleotide triplets

(D) polypeptide triplets

(B) group of four nucleotides

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(D) Replicons

(A) Introns

(C) Codons

(B) Exons

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(D) Diplozymous

(B) Homologous

(C) heterogymous

(A) Homozygous

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(A) homeostasis

(C) osmosis

(D) aerobic circulation

(B) blood circulation

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(C) nitrogen bases

(B) nucleotides

(A) animo acds

(D) monosaccharides

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(D) Mast cells and platelets

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(B) heterochromatin regions

(D) polyribosomes

(C) Barr bodies

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(D) B

(B) O

(C) AB

(A) A

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(A) a blood type

(D) blood pressure

(C) lymph circulation

(B) rheumatic fever

177. Population is

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(A) Produces urine

(D) Moves urine

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

(C) Filters blood

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(B) Antibodies

(D) Interferons

(C) Antibiotics

(A) Hormones

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(A) they are spherical in shape

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(A) Nuclei

(D) Bases

(B) Genes

(C) Chromatides

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(D) bone marrow

(B) thymus

(C) spleen

(A) pancreas

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(C) deletion

(B) nondisjunction

(D) crossing-over

(A) hybridization

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

(C) a transfusion of platelets

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(B) crossing over

(A) chromosome condensation

(D) chromatid separation

(C) chromosome movement to poles

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(D) other viruses

(B) plants

(A) animals

(C) bacteria

178. Mitochondria

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(A) mesoderm

(B) endoderm

(C) ectoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

B) Maxilla

D) Temporal

A) Occipital

C) Sphenoid

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(D) 4n

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

(A) Inversion

(B) 2n + 1

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

Random biology final

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell