Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

(D) Meiosis

(B) Cytokenesis

(A) Mitosis

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(D) All of the above

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(A) Spontaneity

(B) Reflexivity

(C) Mechanicity

(D) Automaticity

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(A) Nuclei

(D) Bases

(C) Chromatides

(B) Genes

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 3

(C) 1 and 4

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

(A) they are spherical in shape

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(B) nondisjunction

(A) synapsis

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(D) disjunction

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

(B) testosterone

(C) urine

amniotic fluid

(A) seminal fluid

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(A) tRNA

(B) rRNA

(C) enzymes

(D) DNA

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(B) Nondisjunction

(C) Deletion

(A) Hybridization

(D) Crossing-over

257. Endocrine glands:

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

(B) secrete their products into the blood

(A) secrete vitamins

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

164. As a result of silent mutation

(C) a stop codon appears

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

(B) a chromosome disappears

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(B) posterior pituitary

(C) pancreas

(D) adrenal cortex

(A) pineal gland

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(A) mesoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(C) Scapula

(A) Rib

(D) Vertebra

(B) Frontal bone

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(B) the dominating species in the community

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

(C) the community and the biotope

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

(D) Produce stem cells

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(C) viral RNA

(B) DNA

(A) RNA

(D) bacterial RNA

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(D) Cyton

(C) Neuron

(B) Nephron

(A) Axon

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(D) monosomy

(B) duplication

(A) inversion

(C) trisomy

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

(B) all trisomic gametes

(A) all monosomic gametes

(C) all haploid gametes

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(A) Urine production

(C) Metabolism and growth

(D) Immune responses

(B) Sexual development and function

141. Proteins

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(C) it contains proteins

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(A) Parathyroid gland

(D) Thyroid gland

(C) Adrenals

(B) Thymus

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(C) stomach

(D) liver

(A) appendix

(B) kidney

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

(C) centromeres divide

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(A) thyroid

(C) adrenal cortex

(B) pituitary

(D) pancreas

239. A codon is:

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(A) 1

(C) 3

(B) 2

(D) 4

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(B) Antibodies

(A) Hormones

(D) Interferons

(C) Antibiotics

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(C) Deglutition

(A) Churning

(D) Tenesmus

(B) Peristaisis

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(A) Carbohydrates

(C) Proteins

(D) Nucleic acids

(B) Lipids

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(D) Skin and intestines

(C) Spine and brain

(B) Muscles and skin

(A) Bones and muscles

178. Mitochondria

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

D) Temporal

B) Maxilla

C) Sphenoid

A) Occipital

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(C) fallopian tube

(D) ovary

(A) vagina

(B) uterus

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

(C) 23 autosomes + X

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(B) 44 autosomes + X

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(C) O

(B) B

(A) A

(D) all of the above

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(A) a blood type

(D) blood pressure

(C) lymph circulation

(B) rheumatic fever

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(A) interphase

(C) telophase

(D) prophase

(B) metaphase

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

(D) polygenic inheritance

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(D) other viruses

(C) bacteria

(A) animals

(B) plants

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

211. Both DNA and RNA

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

(B) are single-stranded molecules

contain phosphsate groups

(A) are polymers of animo acids

294. Blood serum

(D) Consists of pure water

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

217. Codons are:

(C) group of two nucleotides

(A) mucleotide triplets

(B) group of four nucleotides

(D) polypeptide triplets

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(B) Pleiotropy

(A) Epistasis

(D) Incoplete dominance

(C) Codominance

161. Enzymes are

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

(A) proteins

(D) inorganic compounds

(B) carbohydrates (

215. Monosomy is:

(A) Down syndrom

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

(B) chromosomal mutation

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

204. The codon:

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

(D) is a regukative element

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(D) epistasis

(B) monogenic inheritance

(A) pleiotropy

(C) polygenic inheritance

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(C) a transfusion of platelets

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(C) lip[id transport

(B) ATP synthesis

(A) intracellular digestion

(D) carbohydrate storage

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

(D) Mast cells and platelets

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

140. Blood type O

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(D) phagocytes

(C) B-Lymphocytes

(B) T-Lymphocytes

(A) platelets

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

297. Meiosis

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(D) 1/16

(A) 1/2

(C) 1/8

(B) 1/4

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

193. Which of the following is true?

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

(D) All of the above

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(D) All of the above

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(D) aerobic circulation

(A) homeostasis

(C) osmosis

(B) blood circulation

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 1 and 3

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

171. In the DNA molecule

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

(A) Is always malignant

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

(B) Never produces progeny virus

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(A) left artium

(D) right ventricle

(B) right artium

(C) left ventricle

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(C) synaptic vesicles

(D) resting potentials

(A) peripheral nervous system

(B) autonomic nervous system

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(D) 70%

(A) 20%

(B) 30%

(C) 40%

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(D) all of the above

(B) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

(A) endoderm

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(D) 4n

(A) Inversion

(B) 2n + 1

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(C) Micturition

(D) Reabsorption

(A) Secretion

(B) Filtration

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(B) 2 and 3

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

(D) None of the above

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(D) adenine to cytosine

(A) adenine to thymine

(B) adenine to uracil

(C) adenine to uanine

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(C) Emulsify fats

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(B) endoderm

(C) ectoderm

(A) mesoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(C) gene mutation

(B) chromosomal inversion

(D) genomic mutation

(A) chromosomal deletion

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

(B) an autoimmune desease

(C) ABO incompatibility

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(C) DNA replication

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

(A) transcription

(B) translation

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(B) 1 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(D) nucleic acids

(C) proteins

(B) RNA

(A) DNA

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(D) A and C

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(B) endocrine cells

(D) neurocrine cells

(C) paracrine cells

(A) exocrine cells

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

(D) mitosis and meiosis

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

(A) interphase and mitosis

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(B) thymus

(D) bone marrow

(C) spleen

(A) pancreas

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(D) hypothalamus

(A) cetebellum

(C) medulla oblongata

(B) thalamus

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

160. Primary protein structur

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

271. Vitamins

(D) are all synthesized in the body

(B) are necessary for growth and development

(C) are needed in large amounts

(A) provide energy

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(C) alveoli

(B) bronchi

(A) bronchioles

(D) trachea

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(D) heterohomologous

(A) homozygous

(C) homologous

(B) heterozygous

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(C) deletion

(B) nondisjunction

(A) hybridization

(D) crossing-over

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(D) Carbohydrate storage

(A) ATP Synthesis

(C) Lipid transport

(B) Intracellular digestion

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

183. Down syndrom results from

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

185. A nonsense mutation

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(D) tracheal system

(C) placenta

(B) lungs

(A) alyoli

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(B) Homologous

(D) Diplozymous

(C) heterogymous

(A) Homozygous

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(C) ectoderm

(A) mesoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(B) endoderm

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(C) bone marrow

(A) muscles

(B) heart

(D) brain

177. Population is

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

296. Complete dominance is when:

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

203. The codon:

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

(C) is a regulative element

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(A) estrogen

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(D) testosterone

(C) progesterone

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(A) population

(C) gene pool

(B) species

(D) ecosystem

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(A) M phase

(C) Go phase

(D) prophase

(B) S phase

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(C) Barr bodies

(D) polyribosomes

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

(B) heterochromatin regions

247. Ribosomes:

(B) participate in protein synthesis

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(C) pulmonary vein

(A) aoria

(B) pulmonary artery

(D) coronary artery

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(B) posterior pituitary

(D) adrenal cortex

(C) pancreas

(A) pineal gland

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(A) telophase I of meiosis

(C) prophase I of meiosis

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(D) anaphase of mitosis

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(C) Codons

(B) Exons

(D) Replicons

(A) Introns

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(C) Emulsify fats

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(C) AB

(A) A

(B) O

(D) B

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(B) femur

(D) radius

(A) tibia

(C) sternum

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(B) nervous tissue

(A) epithilial tissue

(C) muscle tissue

(D) adipose tissue

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(B) nucleotides

(C) nitrogen bases

(A) animo acds

(D) monosaccharides

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(D) chromatid separation

(B) crossing over

(A) chromosome condensation

(C) chromosome movement to poles

190. Which is not correct:

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

163. Phenotype

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

(B) determines the genotype

(A) is represented by two alleles

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(A) cytokinesis

(C) DNA replication

(B) DNA replication

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(B) Non-sexual cells

(D) All of the above

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(B) surcrose

(A) glycogen

(D) glucose

(C) polypeptide

179. Karyotype is

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(D) mitochondria

(B) nucleus

(A) ribosome

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(D) all of these

(C) missense mutation

(A) nonsense mutation

(B) frameshift mutation

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 ansd 2

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(D) Moves urine

(A) Produces urine

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

(C) Filters blood

Random biology final

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell