Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(C) bacteria

(B) plants

(D) other viruses

(A) animals

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(C) all haploid gametes

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

(A) all monosomic gametes

(B) all trisomic gametes

171. In the DNA molecule

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

211. Both DNA and RNA

contain phosphsate groups

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

(B) are single-stranded molecules

(A) are polymers of animo acids

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(A) alyoli

(D) tracheal system

(B) lungs

(C) placenta

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

(C) a transfusion of platelets

164. As a result of silent mutation

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

(B) a chromosome disappears

(C) a stop codon appears

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

(C) 23 autosomes + X

(B) 44 autosomes + X

217. Codons are:

(A) mucleotide triplets

(B) group of four nucleotides

(C) group of two nucleotides

(D) polypeptide triplets

257. Endocrine glands:

(B) secrete their products into the blood

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

(A) secrete vitamins

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

(D) All of the above

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(B) rRNA

(A) tRNA

(D) DNA

(C) enzymes

183. Down syndrom results from

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(C) chromosome movement to poles

(B) crossing over

(A) chromosome condensation

(D) chromatid separation

203. The codon:

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

(C) is a regulative element

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(B) heart

(A) muscles

(C) bone marrow

(D) brain

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(C) Adrenals

(A) Parathyroid gland

(B) Thymus

(D) Thyroid gland

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(A) adenine to thymine

(C) adenine to uanine

(D) adenine to cytosine

(B) adenine to uracil

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(B) uterus

(C) fallopian tube

(A) vagina

(D) ovary

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(C) deletion

(D) crossing-over

(A) hybridization

(B) nondisjunction

294. Blood serum

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

(D) Consists of pure water

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

(D) None of the above

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(A) DNA

(C) proteins

(B) RNA

(D) nucleic acids

179. Karyotype is

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(B) thalamus

(A) cetebellum

(C) medulla oblongata

(D) hypothalamus

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(C) DNA replication

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

(A) cytokinesis

(B) DNA replication

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(B) O

(D) B

(A) A

(C) AB

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(D) All of the above

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

(B) Non-sexual cells

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

(C) Filters blood

(A) Produces urine

(D) Moves urine

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(D) Interferons

(A) Hormones

(B) Antibodies

(C) Antibiotics

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(B) endoderm

(C) ectoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(A) mesoderm

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(C) Emulsify fats

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(B) Genes

(A) Nuclei

(C) Chromatides

(D) Bases

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

(A) Is always malignant

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

(B) Never produces progeny virus

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(D) Meiosis

(A) Mitosis

(B) Cytokenesis

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

140. Blood type O

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(C) nitrogen bases

(D) monosaccharides

(B) nucleotides

(A) animo acds

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(C) alveoli

(B) bronchi

(A) bronchioles

(D) trachea

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(C) Lipid transport

(D) Carbohydrate storage

(A) ATP Synthesis

(B) Intracellular digestion

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(B) Exons

(C) Codons

(D) Replicons

(A) Introns

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(B) nervous tissue

(C) muscle tissue

(A) epithilial tissue

(D) adipose tissue

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(D) Tenesmus

(A) Churning

(B) Peristaisis

(C) Deglutition

215. Monosomy is:

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

(A) Down syndrom

(B) chromosomal mutation

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(A) inversion

(C) trisomy

(B) duplication

(D) monosomy

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(B) Homologous

(C) heterogymous

(D) Diplozymous

(A) Homozygous

160. Primary protein structur

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

(D) Mast cells and platelets

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(D) Crossing-over

(C) Deletion

(A) Hybridization

(B) Nondisjunction

297. Meiosis

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(D) ecosystem

(A) population

(C) gene pool

(B) species

163. Phenotype

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(A) is represented by two alleles

(B) determines the genotype

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

193. Which of the following is true?

(D) All of the above

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(C) the community and the biotope

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

(B) the dominating species in the community

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(A) 1 ansd 2

(B) 1 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(C) it contains proteins

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(A) interphase

(B) metaphase

(C) telophase

(D) prophase

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

B) Maxilla

C) Sphenoid

A) Occipital

D) Temporal

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(C) synaptic vesicles

(D) resting potentials

(B) autonomic nervous system

(A) peripheral nervous system

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(D) 4n

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

(B) 2n + 1

(A) Inversion

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(B) nucleus

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

(A) ribosome

(D) mitochondria

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(B) kidney

(D) liver

(A) appendix

(C) stomach

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

(D) A and C

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(D) polyribosomes

(C) Barr bodies

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

(B) heterochromatin regions

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(B) blood circulation

(D) aerobic circulation

(C) osmosis

(A) homeostasis

296. Complete dominance is when:

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

178. Mitochondria

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(A) Spontaneity

(B) Reflexivity

(D) Automaticity

(C) Mechanicity

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(D) all of the above

(A) endoderm

(C) ectoderm

(B) mesoderm

161. Enzymes are

(D) inorganic compounds

(A) proteins

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

(B) carbohydrates (

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(A) Rib

(D) Vertebra

(B) Frontal bone

(C) Scapula

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(D) pancreas

(C) adrenal cortex

(B) pituitary

(A) thyroid

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(D) neuroectoderm

(B) endoderm

(C) ectoderm

(A) mesoderm

190. Which is not correct:

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(C) gene mutation

(D) genomic mutation

(B) chromosomal inversion

(A) chromosomal deletion

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

(D) polygenic inheritance

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(B) 2

(A) 1

(D) 4

(C) 3

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(A) glycogen

(C) polypeptide

(B) surcrose

(D) glucose

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(A) interphase and mitosis

(D) mitosis and meiosis

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(A) pineal gland

(D) adrenal cortex

(B) posterior pituitary

(C) pancreas

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(B) Lipids

(A) Carbohydrates

(D) Nucleic acids

(C) Proteins

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(C) 1/8

(D) 1/16

(B) 1/4

(A) 1/2

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(D) carbohydrate storage

(C) lip[id transport

(B) ATP synthesis

(A) intracellular digestion

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(B) Muscles and skin

(D) Skin and intestines

(A) Bones and muscles

(C) Spine and brain

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(D) Reabsorption

(A) Secretion

(C) Micturition

(B) Filtration

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(A) left artium

(D) right ventricle

(B) right artium

(C) left ventricle

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(A) transcription

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

(C) DNA replication

(B) translation

185. A nonsense mutation

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(D) disjunction

(B) nondisjunction

(A) synapsis

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

amniotic fluid

(A) seminal fluid

(C) urine

(B) testosterone

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(B) femur

(D) radius

(A) tibia

(C) sternum

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(A) RNA

(D) bacterial RNA

(C) viral RNA

(B) DNA

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

(A) they are spherical in shape

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(D) All of the above

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(B) 2 and 3

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(B) monogenic inheritance

(A) pleiotropy

(C) polygenic inheritance

(D) epistasis

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(A) mesoderm

(B) endoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(C) ectoderm

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(D) Incoplete dominance

(B) Pleiotropy

(A) Epistasis

(C) Codominance

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(A) telophase I of meiosis

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(C) prophase I of meiosis

(D) anaphase of mitosis

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

141. Proteins

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(D) Cyton

(A) Axon

(C) Neuron

(B) Nephron

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(D) 70%

(A) 20%

(B) 30%

(C) 40%

271. Vitamins

(A) provide energy

(D) are all synthesized in the body

(B) are necessary for growth and development

(C) are needed in large amounts

247. Ribosomes:

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

(B) participate in protein synthesis

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(A) estrogen

(D) testosterone

(C) progesterone

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(B) 1 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(C) Emulsify fats

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

(A) Break down all components of chyme

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

(C) centromeres divide

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(B) S phase

(A) M phase

(C) Go phase

(D) prophase

239. A codon is:

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(B) T-Lymphocytes

(A) platelets

(D) phagocytes

(C) B-Lymphocytes

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(C) lymph circulation

(A) a blood type

(B) rheumatic fever

(D) blood pressure

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

177. Population is

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(D) heterohomologous

(A) homozygous

(B) heterozygous

(C) homologous

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(C) pulmonary vein

(A) aoria

(D) coronary artery

(B) pulmonary artery

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(B) posterior pituitary

(D) adrenal cortex

(C) pancreas

(A) pineal gland

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(B) thymus

(C) spleen

(D) bone marrow

(A) pancreas

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(D) all of the above

(B) B

(C) O

(A) A

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(C) 1 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 3

204. The codon:

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

(D) is a regukative element

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(B) Sexual development and function

(D) Immune responses

(C) Metabolism and growth

(A) Urine production

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(B) endocrine cells

(A) exocrine cells

(C) paracrine cells

(D) neurocrine cells

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

(D) Produce stem cells

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(C) ABO incompatibility

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

(B) an autoimmune desease

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(A) nonsense mutation

(D) all of these

(C) missense mutation

(B) frameshift mutation

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

Random biology final

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell