Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(A) interphase and mitosis

(D) mitosis and meiosis

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

140. Blood type O

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(A) pleiotropy

(C) polygenic inheritance

(B) monogenic inheritance

(D) epistasis

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(C) B-Lymphocytes

(A) platelets

(B) T-Lymphocytes

(D) phagocytes

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

(D) polygenic inheritance

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

204. The codon:

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

(D) is a regukative element

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(A) bronchioles

(C) alveoli

(B) bronchi

(D) trachea

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(C) spleen

(A) pancreas

(D) bone marrow

(B) thymus

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

(D) A and C

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

(D) Mast cells and platelets

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

B) Maxilla

A) Occipital

D) Temporal

C) Sphenoid

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(D) chromatid separation

(A) chromosome condensation

(B) crossing over

(C) chromosome movement to poles

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(B) adenine to uracil

(C) adenine to uanine

(D) adenine to cytosine

(A) adenine to thymine

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(B) 44 autosomes + X

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(C) 23 autosomes + X

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

(D) All of the above

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(D) tracheal system

(B) lungs

(A) alyoli

(C) placenta

163. Phenotype

(B) determines the genotype

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(A) is represented by two alleles

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

(A) Mitosis

(D) Meiosis

(B) Cytokenesis

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(B) mesoderm

(A) endoderm

(D) all of the above

(C) ectoderm

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(C) Emulsify fats

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(B) protect the intestinal lining

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

(A) 1 ansd 2

(D) 3 and 4

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(C) osmosis

(A) homeostasis

(B) blood circulation

(D) aerobic circulation

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

(D) Produce stem cells

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

161. Enzymes are

(B) carbohydrates (

(D) inorganic compounds

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

(A) proteins

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(A) Epistasis

(B) Pleiotropy

(D) Incoplete dominance

(C) Codominance

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

(B) translation

(A) transcription

(C) DNA replication

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(B) plants

(C) bacteria

(D) other viruses

(A) animals

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(B) rheumatic fever

(C) lymph circulation

(D) blood pressure

(A) a blood type

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(D) crossing-over

(C) deletion

(A) hybridization

(B) nondisjunction

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(A) interphase

(B) metaphase

(D) prophase

(C) telophase

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(B) 1 and 3

(C) 1 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(A) appendix

(C) stomach

(B) kidney

(D) liver

171. In the DNA molecule

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(B) heterochromatin regions

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

(C) Barr bodies

(D) polyribosomes

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(D) Bases

(B) Genes

(A) Nuclei

(C) Chromatides

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

(C) it contains proteins

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

177. Population is

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

(C) all haploid gametes

(A) all monosomic gametes

(B) all trisomic gametes

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(A) RNA

(C) viral RNA

(D) bacterial RNA

(B) DNA

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(B) endoderm

(A) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

(A) they are spherical in shape

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(D) testosterone

(C) progesterone

(A) estrogen

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(A) Secretion

(C) Micturition

(B) Filtration

(D) Reabsorption

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(C) 40%

(A) 20%

(D) 70%

(B) 30%

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

amniotic fluid

(C) urine

(A) seminal fluid

(B) testosterone

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(C) Antibiotics

(A) Hormones

(D) Interferons

(B) Antibodies

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

183. Down syndrom results from

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(C) Codons

(D) Replicons

(B) Exons

(A) Introns

294. Blood serum

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

(D) Consists of pure water

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

164. As a result of silent mutation

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

(C) a stop codon appears

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

(B) a chromosome disappears

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(A) Homozygous

(C) heterogymous

(D) Diplozymous

(B) Homologous

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(C) gene pool

(A) population

(B) species

(D) ecosystem

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(C) O

(D) all of the above

(B) B

(A) A

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(D) 4n

(B) 2n + 1

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

(A) Inversion

217. Codons are:

(A) mucleotide triplets

(B) group of four nucleotides

(D) polypeptide triplets

(C) group of two nucleotides

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

(B) Non-sexual cells

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

(D) All of the above

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(B) autonomic nervous system

(D) resting potentials

(C) synaptic vesicles

(A) peripheral nervous system

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(C) proteins

(B) RNA

(D) nucleic acids

(A) DNA

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(B) right artium

(D) right ventricle

(A) left artium

(C) left ventricle

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(B) Muscles and skin

(A) Bones and muscles

(C) Spine and brain

(D) Skin and intestines

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(C) a transfusion of platelets

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(B) duplication

(C) trisomy

(A) inversion

(D) monosomy

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

(C) centromeres divide

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(D) DNA

(B) rRNA

(C) enzymes

(A) tRNA

257. Endocrine glands:

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

(B) secrete their products into the blood

(A) secrete vitamins

160. Primary protein structur

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(B) an autoimmune desease

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

(C) ABO incompatibility

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(D) monosaccharides

(C) nitrogen bases

(A) animo acds

(B) nucleotides

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(B) Nondisjunction

(D) Crossing-over

(C) Deletion

(A) Hybridization

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(A) aoria

(D) coronary artery

(C) pulmonary vein

(B) pulmonary artery

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(D) All of the above

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(B) nondisjunction

(D) disjunction

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(A) synapsis

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(B) nucleus

(D) mitochondria

(A) ribosome

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(B) posterior pituitary

(D) adrenal cortex

(A) pineal gland

(C) pancreas

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(A) chromosomal deletion

(D) genomic mutation

(B) chromosomal inversion

(C) gene mutation

203. The codon:

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

(C) is a regulative element

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(D) Automaticity

(C) Mechanicity

(A) Spontaneity

(B) Reflexivity

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

297. Meiosis

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(B) endoderm

(A) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(D) neuroectoderm

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

(A) mesoderm

179. Karyotype is

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(B) thalamus

(C) medulla oblongata

(D) hypothalamus

(A) cetebellum

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(B) femur

(A) tibia

(C) sternum

(D) radius

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(B) ATP synthesis

(D) carbohydrate storage

(A) intracellular digestion

(C) lip[id transport

271. Vitamins

(A) provide energy

(B) are necessary for growth and development

(D) are all synthesized in the body

(C) are needed in large amounts

193. Which of the following is true?

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

(D) All of the above

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(A) exocrine cells

(C) paracrine cells

(D) neurocrine cells

(B) endocrine cells

211. Both DNA and RNA

(A) are polymers of animo acids

contain phosphsate groups

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

(B) are single-stranded molecules

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(D) Moves urine

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

(A) Produces urine

(C) Filters blood

215. Monosomy is:

(B) chromosomal mutation

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

(A) Down syndrom

178. Mitochondria

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

185. A nonsense mutation

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(D) anaphase of mitosis

(C) prophase I of meiosis

(A) telophase I of meiosis

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

(A) Is always malignant

(B) Never produces progeny virus

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(B) Thymus

(D) Thyroid gland

(A) Parathyroid gland

(C) Adrenals

141. Proteins

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(C) 3

(B) 2

(D) 4

(A) 1

296. Complete dominance is when:

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(A) pineal gland

(B) posterior pituitary

(C) pancreas

(D) adrenal cortex

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(C) adrenal cortex

(A) thyroid

(B) pituitary

(D) pancreas

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(C) homologous

(A) homozygous

(B) heterozygous

(D) heterohomologous

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(D) adipose tissue

(B) nervous tissue

(C) muscle tissue

(A) epithilial tissue

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(B) frameshift mutation

(D) all of these

(A) nonsense mutation

(C) missense mutation

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(D) ovary

(C) fallopian tube

(B) uterus

(A) vagina

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

(C) the community and the biotope

(B) the dominating species in the community

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(C) Proteins

(D) Nucleic acids

(B) Lipids

(A) Carbohydrates

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(A) cytokinesis

(B) DNA replication

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

(C) DNA replication

190. Which is not correct:

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

247. Ribosomes:

(B) participate in protein synthesis

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(C) Scapula

(B) Frontal bone

(A) Rib

(D) Vertebra

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(B) 1 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

(C) Emulsify fats

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(C) Neuron

(D) Cyton

(A) Axon

(B) Nephron

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(D) 1/16

(B) 1/4

(C) 1/8

(A) 1/2

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(B) Sexual development and function

(A) Urine production

(D) Immune responses

(C) Metabolism and growth

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(C) polypeptide

(D) glucose

(A) glycogen

(B) surcrose

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(A) ATP Synthesis

(B) Intracellular digestion

(C) Lipid transport

(D) Carbohydrate storage

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(D) B

(C) AB

(B) O

(A) A

239. A codon is:

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

(D) None of the above

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(A) Churning

(D) Tenesmus

(B) Peristaisis

(C) Deglutition

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(B) S phase

(A) M phase

(C) Go phase

(D) prophase

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(C) bone marrow

(A) muscles

(B) heart

(D) brain

Random biology final

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell