Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

190. Which is not correct:

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

(A) Mitosis

(B) Cytokenesis

(D) Meiosis

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(A) Carbohydrates

(D) Nucleic acids

(B) Lipids

(C) Proteins

271. Vitamins

(B) are necessary for growth and development

(D) are all synthesized in the body

(A) provide energy

(C) are needed in large amounts

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(D) anaphase of mitosis

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(A) telophase I of meiosis

(C) prophase I of meiosis

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(B) Intracellular digestion

(C) Lipid transport

(A) ATP Synthesis

(D) Carbohydrate storage

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(A) M phase

(C) Go phase

(B) S phase

(D) prophase

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(B) ATP synthesis

(D) carbohydrate storage

(A) intracellular digestion

(C) lip[id transport

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(A) Nuclei

(D) Bases

(C) Chromatides

(B) Genes

296. Complete dominance is when:

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(D) testosterone

(C) progesterone

(A) estrogen

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

(D) Produce stem cells

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(D) neurocrine cells

(A) exocrine cells

(C) paracrine cells

(B) endocrine cells

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

(C) Emulsify fats

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(B) protect the intestinal lining

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(C) centromeres divide

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

(D) A and C

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(D) Replicons

(A) Introns

(C) Codons

(B) Exons

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(C) proteins

(D) nucleic acids

(A) DNA

(B) RNA

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(D) Mast cells and platelets

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

140. Blood type O

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(A) cetebellum

(C) medulla oblongata

(D) hypothalamus

(B) thalamus

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(D) chromatid separation

(A) chromosome condensation

(C) chromosome movement to poles

(B) crossing over

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(A) adenine to thymine

(D) adenine to cytosine

(C) adenine to uanine

(B) adenine to uracil

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(D) heterohomologous

(B) heterozygous

(C) homologous

(A) homozygous

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

(B) translation

(A) transcription

(C) DNA replication

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(B) B

(A) A

(C) O

(D) all of the above

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(A) homeostasis

(D) aerobic circulation

(B) blood circulation

(C) osmosis

211. Both DNA and RNA

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

(B) are single-stranded molecules

contain phosphsate groups

(A) are polymers of animo acids

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

(C) a transfusion of platelets

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

D) Temporal

A) Occipital

B) Maxilla

C) Sphenoid

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(B) femur

(C) sternum

(A) tibia

(D) radius

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

(D) All of the above

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

294. Blood serum

(D) Consists of pure water

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(B) DNA

(D) bacterial RNA

(A) RNA

(C) viral RNA

183. Down syndrom results from

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

179. Karyotype is

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(A) 1/2

(B) 1/4

(C) 1/8

(D) 1/16

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(C) Antibiotics

(B) Antibodies

(D) Interferons

(A) Hormones

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

171. In the DNA molecule

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

297. Meiosis

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(C) Micturition

(A) Secretion

(B) Filtration

(D) Reabsorption

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

(B) Never produces progeny virus

(A) Is always malignant

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(B) the dominating species in the community

(C) the community and the biotope

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

204. The codon:

(D) is a regukative element

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(C) Emulsify fats

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(A) mesoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(B) endoderm

(C) ectoderm

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(A) epithilial tissue

(C) muscle tissue

(B) nervous tissue

(D) adipose tissue

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(B) Frontal bone

(C) Scapula

(D) Vertebra

(A) Rib

217. Codons are:

(A) mucleotide triplets

(C) group of two nucleotides

(B) group of four nucleotides

(D) polypeptide triplets

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(D) 70%

(C) 40%

(A) 20%

(B) 30%

160. Primary protein structur

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(B) heart

(C) bone marrow

(D) brain

(A) muscles

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(B) 2n + 1

(A) Inversion

(D) 4n

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(C) placenta

(B) lungs

(D) tracheal system

(A) alyoli

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(D) Crossing-over

(C) Deletion

(A) Hybridization

(B) Nondisjunction

164. As a result of silent mutation

(B) a chromosome disappears

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

(C) a stop codon appears

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(D) glucose

(C) polypeptide

(A) glycogen

(B) surcrose

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(C) Metabolism and growth

(D) Immune responses

(A) Urine production

(B) Sexual development and function

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

247. Ribosomes:

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

(B) participate in protein synthesis

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(A) mesoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

185. A nonsense mutation

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(B) DNA replication

(C) DNA replication

(A) cytokinesis

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(D) All of the above

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(A) Axon

(C) Neuron

(B) Nephron

(D) Cyton

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

(D) Moves urine

(C) Filters blood

(A) Produces urine

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

(C) it contains proteins

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

215. Monosomy is:

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

(B) chromosomal mutation

(A) Down syndrom

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(A) Homozygous

(C) heterogymous

(B) Homologous

(D) Diplozymous

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(C) deletion

(B) nondisjunction

(A) hybridization

(D) crossing-over

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

(D) mitosis and meiosis

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

(A) interphase and mitosis

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(B) pituitary

(C) adrenal cortex

(A) thyroid

(D) pancreas

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(B) rRNA

(C) enzymes

(A) tRNA

(D) DNA

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(B) kidney

(D) liver

(C) stomach

(A) appendix

141. Proteins

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(C) ABO incompatibility

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

(B) an autoimmune desease

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(D) other viruses

(A) animals

(C) bacteria

(B) plants

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

amniotic fluid

(B) testosterone

(A) seminal fluid

(C) urine

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

257. Endocrine glands:

(B) secrete their products into the blood

(A) secrete vitamins

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(D) mitochondria

(B) nucleus

(A) ribosome

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

161. Enzymes are

(B) carbohydrates (

(A) proteins

(D) inorganic compounds

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(B) 1 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 ansd 2

(C) 2 and 4

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

(D) None of the above

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(B) Muscles and skin

(A) Bones and muscles

(C) Spine and brain

(D) Skin and intestines

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

(D) All of the above

(B) Non-sexual cells

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(D) adrenal cortex

(A) pineal gland

(C) pancreas

(B) posterior pituitary

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

193. Which of the following is true?

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

(D) All of the above

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

203. The codon:

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

(C) is a regulative element

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 1 and 4

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(A) Churning

(C) Deglutition

(B) Peristaisis

(D) Tenesmus

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(A) chromosomal deletion

(C) gene mutation

(B) chromosomal inversion

(D) genomic mutation

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(C) spleen

(D) bone marrow

(B) thymus

(A) pancreas

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(D) all of the above

(A) endoderm

(B) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(C) lymph circulation

(B) rheumatic fever

(A) a blood type

(D) blood pressure

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(A) peripheral nervous system

(C) synaptic vesicles

(D) resting potentials

(B) autonomic nervous system

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(B) species

(C) gene pool

(D) ecosystem

(A) population

177. Population is

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(C) left ventricle

(B) right artium

(A) left artium

(D) right ventricle

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(C) alveoli

(B) bronchi

(D) trachea

(A) bronchioles

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(C) nitrogen bases

(A) animo acds

(D) monosaccharides

(B) nucleotides

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(D) monosomy

(B) duplication

(C) trisomy

(A) inversion

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(C) missense mutation

(D) all of these

(B) frameshift mutation

(A) nonsense mutation

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(C) Mechanicity

(A) Spontaneity

(B) Reflexivity

(D) Automaticity

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(C) polygenic inheritance

(B) monogenic inheritance

(D) epistasis

(A) pleiotropy

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(D) prophase

(C) telophase

(B) metaphase

(A) interphase

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(D) disjunction

(B) nondisjunction

(A) synapsis

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(A) A

(C) AB

(D) B

(B) O

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(A) they are spherical in shape

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(C) all haploid gametes

(A) all monosomic gametes

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

(B) all trisomic gametes

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(B) uterus

(C) fallopian tube

(A) vagina

(D) ovary

239. A codon is:

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(C) 3

(A) 1

(B) 2

(D) 4

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(B) 2 and 3

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

178. Mitochondria

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(B) 44 autosomes + X

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(C) 23 autosomes + X

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(D) polyribosomes

(B) heterochromatin regions

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

(C) Barr bodies

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(D) coronary artery

(C) pulmonary vein

(A) aoria

(B) pulmonary artery

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(B) Thymus

(D) Thyroid gland

(C) Adrenals

(A) Parathyroid gland

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

163. Phenotype

(A) is represented by two alleles

(B) determines the genotype

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(B) T-Lymphocytes

(D) phagocytes

(A) platelets

(C) B-Lymphocytes

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(C) pancreas

(B) posterior pituitary

(D) adrenal cortex

(A) pineal gland

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(D) Incoplete dominance

(A) Epistasis

(B) Pleiotropy

(C) Codominance

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(B) endoderm

(C) ectoderm

(A) mesoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

(D) polygenic inheritance

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

Random biology final

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell