Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(A) ribosome

(D) mitochondria

(B) nucleus

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(D) Replicons

(B) Exons

(A) Introns

(C) Codons

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(B) Nephron

(C) Neuron

(A) Axon

(D) Cyton

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

(C) a transfusion of platelets

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

271. Vitamins

(D) are all synthesized in the body

(A) provide energy

(B) are necessary for growth and development

(C) are needed in large amounts

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(B) frameshift mutation

(C) missense mutation

(D) all of these

(A) nonsense mutation

141. Proteins

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(B) thalamus

(C) medulla oblongata

(A) cetebellum

(D) hypothalamus

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

(C) it contains proteins

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(D) bone marrow

(B) thymus

(A) pancreas

(C) spleen

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(A) Nuclei

(D) Bases

(C) Chromatides

(B) Genes

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(B) an autoimmune desease

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

(C) ABO incompatibility

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(C) Emulsify fats

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

(C) centromeres divide

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(D) Tenesmus

(B) Peristaisis

(C) Deglutition

(A) Churning

217. Codons are:

(C) group of two nucleotides

(D) polypeptide triplets

(A) mucleotide triplets

(B) group of four nucleotides

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(D) aerobic circulation

(A) homeostasis

(C) osmosis

(B) blood circulation

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(C) AB

(B) O

(D) B

(A) A

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

D) Temporal

A) Occipital

B) Maxilla

C) Sphenoid

183. Down syndrom results from

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

164. As a result of silent mutation

(C) a stop codon appears

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

(B) a chromosome disappears

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(B) Filtration

(C) Micturition

(D) Reabsorption

(A) Secretion

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(B) bronchi

(A) bronchioles

(C) alveoli

(D) trachea

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(B) T-Lymphocytes

(C) B-Lymphocytes

(A) platelets

(D) phagocytes

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(A) telophase I of meiosis

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(D) anaphase of mitosis

(C) prophase I of meiosis

257. Endocrine glands:

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

(B) secrete their products into the blood

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

(A) secrete vitamins

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(D) Interferons

(A) Hormones

(B) Antibodies

(C) Antibiotics

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(C) enzymes

(B) rRNA

(D) DNA

(A) tRNA

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(C) 23 autosomes + X

(B) 44 autosomes + X

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(B) 1 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 1 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(B) nucleotides

(D) monosaccharides

(A) animo acds

(C) nitrogen bases

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(D) blood pressure

(C) lymph circulation

(B) rheumatic fever

(A) a blood type

247. Ribosomes:

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

(B) participate in protein synthesis

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

185. A nonsense mutation

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(A) Homozygous

(C) heterogymous

(B) Homologous

(D) Diplozymous

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(B) lungs

(A) alyoli

(C) placenta

(D) tracheal system

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(C) lip[id transport

(B) ATP synthesis

(A) intracellular digestion

(D) carbohydrate storage

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(C) viral RNA

(B) DNA

(A) RNA

(D) bacterial RNA

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(A) homozygous

(C) homologous

(B) heterozygous

(D) heterohomologous

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(B) nervous tissue

(C) muscle tissue

(A) epithilial tissue

(D) adipose tissue

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

(A) they are spherical in shape

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

(D) None of the above

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(C) pancreas

(A) pineal gland

(D) adrenal cortex

(B) posterior pituitary

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(D) Mast cells and platelets

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

203. The codon:

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

(C) is a regulative element

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

(D) All of the above

(B) Non-sexual cells

179. Karyotype is

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

190. Which is not correct:

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

193. Which of the following is true?

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

(D) All of the above

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(C) Lipid transport

(A) ATP Synthesis

(D) Carbohydrate storage

(B) Intracellular digestion

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

(A) Is always malignant

(B) Never produces progeny virus

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(B) right artium

(C) left ventricle

(A) left artium

(D) right ventricle

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

163. Phenotype

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(B) determines the genotype

(A) is represented by two alleles

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(C) synaptic vesicles

(B) autonomic nervous system

(A) peripheral nervous system

(D) resting potentials

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(A) Hybridization

(D) Crossing-over

(C) Deletion

(B) Nondisjunction

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(B) 2

(A) 1

(D) 4

(C) 3

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

(D) mitosis and meiosis

(A) interphase and mitosis

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(A) synapsis

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(B) nondisjunction

(D) disjunction

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(A) mesoderm

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(B) monogenic inheritance

(C) polygenic inheritance

(A) pleiotropy

(D) epistasis

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(C) deletion

(D) crossing-over

(B) nondisjunction

(A) hybridization

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(B) endoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(C) ectoderm

(A) mesoderm

140. Blood type O

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

296. Complete dominance is when:

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(B) 2n + 1

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

(A) Inversion

(D) 4n

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(D) ecosystem

(C) gene pool

(A) population

(B) species

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(C) paracrine cells

(D) neurocrine cells

(A) exocrine cells

(B) endocrine cells

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(D) prophase

(C) telophase

(B) metaphase

(A) interphase

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(C) Emulsify fats

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(C) progesterone

(D) testosterone

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(A) estrogen

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

211. Both DNA and RNA

(A) are polymers of animo acids

(B) are single-stranded molecules

contain phosphsate groups

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(B) pulmonary artery

(D) coronary artery

(A) aoria

(C) pulmonary vein

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(A) all monosomic gametes

(B) all trisomic gametes

(C) all haploid gametes

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

(A) Produces urine

(C) Filters blood

(D) Moves urine

297. Meiosis

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(D) Immune responses

(A) Urine production

(B) Sexual development and function

(C) Metabolism and growth

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(A) Carbohydrates

(B) Lipids

(D) Nucleic acids

(C) Proteins

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

(D) polygenic inheritance

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 3

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(C) sternum

(A) tibia

(D) radius

(B) femur

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(A) Epistasis

(D) Incoplete dominance

(C) Codominance

(B) Pleiotropy

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(D) 70%

(A) 20%

(B) 30%

(C) 40%

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

(A) 1 ansd 2

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

239. A codon is:

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

(C) urine

amniotic fluid

(B) testosterone

(A) seminal fluid

177. Population is

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(C) proteins

(D) nucleic acids

(B) RNA

(A) DNA

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

(D) A and C

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(D) Thyroid gland

(C) Adrenals

(A) Parathyroid gland

(B) Thymus

215. Monosomy is:

(B) chromosomal mutation

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

(A) Down syndrom

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(A) 1/2

(B) 1/4

(D) 1/16

(C) 1/8

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

(D) Produce stem cells

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(C) adenine to uanine

(D) adenine to cytosine

(B) adenine to uracil

(A) adenine to thymine

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(B) translation

(C) DNA replication

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

(A) transcription

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(B) S phase

(A) M phase

(C) Go phase

(D) prophase

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(C) Spine and brain

(D) Skin and intestines

(B) Muscles and skin

(A) Bones and muscles

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(A) Rib

(B) Frontal bone

(C) Scapula

(D) Vertebra

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(B) crossing over

(C) chromosome movement to poles

(A) chromosome condensation

(D) chromatid separation

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(B) kidney

(C) stomach

(D) liver

(A) appendix

294. Blood serum

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

(D) Consists of pure water

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(A) cytokinesis

(B) DNA replication

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

(C) DNA replication

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(A) muscles

(C) bone marrow

(B) heart

(D) brain

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(A) Mitosis

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

(B) Cytokenesis

(D) Meiosis

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(C) adrenal cortex

(D) pancreas

(B) pituitary

(A) thyroid

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(B) heterochromatin regions

(C) Barr bodies

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

(D) polyribosomes

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(C) ectoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(A) mesoderm

(B) endoderm

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(B) plants

(A) animals

(D) other viruses

(C) bacteria

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(D) adrenal cortex

(B) posterior pituitary

(A) pineal gland

(C) pancreas

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(D) all of the above

(A) A

(C) O

(B) B

204. The codon:

(D) is a regukative element

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(B) mesoderm

(A) endoderm

(D) all of the above

(C) ectoderm

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

(D) All of the above

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(B) the dominating species in the community

(C) the community and the biotope

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(A) vagina

(D) ovary

(B) uterus

(C) fallopian tube

160. Primary protein structur

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(B) duplication

(A) inversion

(C) trisomy

(D) monosomy

178. Mitochondria

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

161. Enzymes are

(B) carbohydrates (

(D) inorganic compounds

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

(A) proteins

171. In the DNA molecule

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(C) gene mutation

(D) genomic mutation

(A) chromosomal deletion

(B) chromosomal inversion

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(A) glycogen

(B) surcrose

(C) polypeptide

(D) glucose

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(C) Mechanicity

(D) Automaticity

(B) Reflexivity

(A) Spontaneity

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(D) All of the above

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

Random biology final

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell