Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

297. Meiosis

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

193. Which of the following is true?

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

(D) All of the above

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

(D) All of the above

(B) Non-sexual cells

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(C) Lipid transport

(B) Intracellular digestion

(A) ATP Synthesis

(D) Carbohydrate storage

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

(C) it contains proteins

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(B) DNA replication

(C) DNA replication

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

(A) cytokinesis

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

(D) polygenic inheritance

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(A) exocrine cells

(D) neurocrine cells

(B) endocrine cells

(C) paracrine cells

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(D) Mast cells and platelets

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(D) B

(A) A

(C) AB

(B) O

177. Population is

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(B) thymus

(C) spleen

(D) bone marrow

(A) pancreas

271. Vitamins

(A) provide energy

(C) are needed in large amounts

(B) are necessary for growth and development

(D) are all synthesized in the body

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(D) trachea

(A) bronchioles

(C) alveoli

(B) bronchi

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(B) surcrose

(C) polypeptide

(D) glucose

(A) glycogen

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

(D) Produce stem cells

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(D) 4

(B) 2

(C) 3

(A) 1

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(B) Reflexivity

(D) Automaticity

(A) Spontaneity

(C) Mechanicity

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(A) Rib

(B) Frontal bone

(C) Scapula

(D) Vertebra

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

247. Ribosomes:

(B) participate in protein synthesis

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(C) Micturition

(D) Reabsorption

(B) Filtration

(A) Secretion

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(B) heterochromatin regions

(C) Barr bodies

(D) polyribosomes

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(A) 1 ansd 2

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(A) adenine to thymine

(D) adenine to cytosine

(C) adenine to uanine

(B) adenine to uracil

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(C) the community and the biotope

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

(B) the dominating species in the community

171. In the DNA molecule

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(A) Inversion

(B) 2n + 1

(D) 4n

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(D) tracheal system

(C) placenta

(A) alyoli

(B) lungs

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(C) Spine and brain

(A) Bones and muscles

(B) Muscles and skin

(D) Skin and intestines

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 1 and 4

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(B) RNA

(A) DNA

(D) nucleic acids

(C) proteins

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(A) they are spherical in shape

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(D) blood pressure

(B) rheumatic fever

(A) a blood type

(C) lymph circulation

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(C) 23 autosomes + X

(B) 44 autosomes + X

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(D) all of the above

(A) A

(C) O

(B) B

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(A) pleiotropy

(B) monogenic inheritance

(D) epistasis

(C) polygenic inheritance

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(D) anaphase of mitosis

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(A) telophase I of meiosis

(C) prophase I of meiosis

239. A codon is:

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(B) rRNA

(A) tRNA

(D) DNA

(C) enzymes

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(A) Mitosis

(D) Meiosis

(B) Cytokenesis

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(C) Deletion

(A) Hybridization

(B) Nondisjunction

(D) Crossing-over

257. Endocrine glands:

(B) secrete their products into the blood

(A) secrete vitamins

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

161. Enzymes are

(D) inorganic compounds

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

(B) carbohydrates (

(A) proteins

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(D) all of the above

(A) endoderm

(B) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(B) 1 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(A) hybridization

(D) crossing-over

(B) nondisjunction

(C) deletion

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(C) Emulsify fats

(A) Break down all components of chyme

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(A) epithilial tissue

(D) adipose tissue

(B) nervous tissue

(C) muscle tissue

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(A) Carbohydrates

(C) Proteins

(B) Lipids

(D) Nucleic acids

190. Which is not correct:

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

183. Down syndrom results from

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(B) heterozygous

(A) homozygous

(D) heterohomologous

(C) homologous

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

(B) an autoimmune desease

(C) ABO incompatibility

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(D) A and C

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

185. A nonsense mutation

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

160. Primary protein structur

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(D) neuroectoderm

(B) endoderm

(A) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

204. The codon:

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

(D) is a regukative element

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(A) 1/2

(B) 1/4

(D) 1/16

(C) 1/8

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(C) progesterone

(D) testosterone

(A) estrogen

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

(D) mitochondria

(A) ribosome

(B) nucleus

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(A) vagina

(D) ovary

(C) fallopian tube

(B) uterus

211. Both DNA and RNA

(B) are single-stranded molecules

(A) are polymers of animo acids

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

contain phosphsate groups

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

(A) Is always malignant

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

(B) Never produces progeny virus

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(C) Adrenals

(D) Thyroid gland

(B) Thymus

(A) Parathyroid gland

141. Proteins

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

(C) a transfusion of platelets

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(B) autonomic nervous system

(D) resting potentials

(C) synaptic vesicles

(A) peripheral nervous system

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(A) chromosomal deletion

(C) gene mutation

(B) chromosomal inversion

(D) genomic mutation

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(A) M phase

(B) S phase

(C) Go phase

(D) prophase

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(D) Interferons

(A) Hormones

(B) Antibodies

(C) Antibiotics

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

(A) mesoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(A) population

(D) ecosystem

(C) gene pool

(B) species

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(B) Sexual development and function

(A) Urine production

(C) Metabolism and growth

(D) Immune responses

296. Complete dominance is when:

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

140. Blood type O

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(A) Churning

(B) Peristaisis

(C) Deglutition

(D) Tenesmus

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

203. The codon:

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

(C) is a regulative element

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

179. Karyotype is

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(C) osmosis

(D) aerobic circulation

(B) blood circulation

(A) homeostasis

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(D) chromatid separation

(B) crossing over

(C) chromosome movement to poles

(A) chromosome condensation

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(D) monosomy

(C) trisomy

(A) inversion

(B) duplication

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(C) medulla oblongata

(D) hypothalamus

(A) cetebellum

(B) thalamus

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(D) carbohydrate storage

(A) intracellular digestion

(C) lip[id transport

(B) ATP synthesis

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(A) 20%

(D) 70%

(B) 30%

(C) 40%

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(A) left artium

(D) right ventricle

(C) left ventricle

(B) right artium

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

(C) centromeres divide

217. Codons are:

(C) group of two nucleotides

(D) polypeptide triplets

(A) mucleotide triplets

(B) group of four nucleotides

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(C) Codons

(A) Introns

(B) Exons

(D) Replicons

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(A) Nuclei

(B) Genes

(D) Bases

(C) Chromatides

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(C) Emulsify fats

(A) Break down all components of chyme

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(D) All of the above

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(B) posterior pituitary

(C) pancreas

(D) adrenal cortex

(A) pineal gland

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(C) missense mutation

(A) nonsense mutation

(B) frameshift mutation

(D) all of these

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(A) Produces urine

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

(C) Filters blood

(D) Moves urine

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(B) translation

(A) transcription

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

(C) DNA replication

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

178. Mitochondria

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(D) radius

(B) femur

(C) sternum

(A) tibia

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(C) bone marrow

(B) heart

(A) muscles

(D) brain

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(D) Cyton

(C) Neuron

(B) Nephron

(A) Axon

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(C) pancreas

(B) posterior pituitary

(D) adrenal cortex

(A) pineal gland

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(B) T-Lymphocytes

(C) B-Lymphocytes

(A) platelets

(D) phagocytes

163. Phenotype

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

(B) determines the genotype

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(A) is represented by two alleles

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(C) bacteria

(B) plants

(D) other viruses

(A) animals

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(C) viral RNA

(B) DNA

(A) RNA

(D) bacterial RNA

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

C) Sphenoid

A) Occipital

B) Maxilla

D) Temporal

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

(D) None of the above

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(D) Incoplete dominance

(C) Codominance

(B) Pleiotropy

(A) Epistasis

164. As a result of silent mutation

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

(C) a stop codon appears

(B) a chromosome disappears

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(B) pituitary

(C) adrenal cortex

(D) pancreas

(A) thyroid

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

215. Monosomy is:

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

(A) Down syndrom

(B) chromosomal mutation

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(D) disjunction

(A) synapsis

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(B) nondisjunction

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

(A) 1 and 2

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

(C) urine

amniotic fluid

(B) testosterone

(A) seminal fluid

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(B) Homologous

(A) Homozygous

(C) heterogymous

(D) Diplozymous

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(D) neuroectoderm

(B) endoderm

(C) ectoderm

(A) mesoderm

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(B) kidney

(D) liver

(C) stomach

(A) appendix

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(B) pulmonary artery

(A) aoria

(C) pulmonary vein

(D) coronary artery

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(C) telophase

(D) prophase

(B) metaphase

(A) interphase

294. Blood serum

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

(D) Consists of pure water

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

(B) all trisomic gametes

(C) all haploid gametes

(A) all monosomic gametes

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(D) monosaccharides

(C) nitrogen bases

(A) animo acds

(B) nucleotides

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(A) interphase and mitosis

(D) mitosis and meiosis

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(D) All of the above

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

Random biology final

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell