Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(D) Produce stem cells

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(B) nondisjunction

(A) hybridization

(D) crossing-over

(C) deletion

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(C) Emulsify fats

294. Blood serum

(D) Consists of pure water

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(B) endoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(A) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(A) nonsense mutation

(D) all of these

(C) missense mutation

(B) frameshift mutation

217. Codons are:

(B) group of four nucleotides

(D) polypeptide triplets

(A) mucleotide triplets

(C) group of two nucleotides

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 1 and 3

(A) 1 and 2

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

190. Which is not correct:

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

(B) testosterone

amniotic fluid

(A) seminal fluid

(C) urine

171. In the DNA molecule

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(C) it contains proteins

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(B) Nephron

(A) Axon

(C) Neuron

(D) Cyton

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(D) adrenal cortex

(A) pineal gland

(C) pancreas

(B) posterior pituitary

177. Population is

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(B) Nondisjunction

(A) Hybridization

(C) Deletion

(D) Crossing-over

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(D) Thyroid gland

(B) Thymus

(C) Adrenals

(A) Parathyroid gland

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

178. Mitochondria

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(A) ATP Synthesis

(C) Lipid transport

(B) Intracellular digestion

(D) Carbohydrate storage

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(A) tibia

(B) femur

(C) sternum

(D) radius

203. The codon:

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

(C) is a regulative element

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(B) B

(D) all of the above

(A) A

(C) O

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(D) adipose tissue

(C) muscle tissue

(A) epithilial tissue

(B) nervous tissue

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

(A) they are spherical in shape

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(A) homeostasis

(C) osmosis

(B) blood circulation

(D) aerobic circulation

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(C) Emulsify fats

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(A) inversion

(B) duplication

(D) monosomy

(C) trisomy

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(D) bacterial RNA

(B) DNA

(C) viral RNA

(A) RNA

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

(C) the community and the biotope

(B) the dominating species in the community

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(A) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(C) Antibiotics

(B) Antibodies

(A) Hormones

(D) Interferons

257. Endocrine glands:

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

(B) secrete their products into the blood

(A) secrete vitamins

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(D) glucose

(B) surcrose

(C) polypeptide

(A) glycogen

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

(D) polyribosomes

(B) heterochromatin regions

(C) Barr bodies

271. Vitamins

(A) provide energy

(C) are needed in large amounts

(B) are necessary for growth and development

(D) are all synthesized in the body

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(A) aoria

(D) coronary artery

(C) pulmonary vein

(B) pulmonary artery

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(A) vagina

(C) fallopian tube

(D) ovary

(B) uterus

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(D) Vertebra

(B) Frontal bone

(A) Rib

(C) Scapula

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(A) Churning

(C) Deglutition

(B) Peristaisis

(D) Tenesmus

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(A) peripheral nervous system

(B) autonomic nervous system

(D) resting potentials

(C) synaptic vesicles

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(A) telophase I of meiosis

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(C) prophase I of meiosis

(D) anaphase of mitosis

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(D) pancreas

(A) thyroid

(B) pituitary

(C) adrenal cortex

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(C) pancreas

(B) posterior pituitary

(A) pineal gland

(D) adrenal cortex

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(A) chromosome condensation

(B) crossing over

(C) chromosome movement to poles

(D) chromatid separation

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

160. Primary protein structur

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(A) transcription

(B) translation

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

(C) DNA replication

141. Proteins

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(A) chromosomal deletion

(C) gene mutation

(D) genomic mutation

(B) chromosomal inversion

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

215. Monosomy is:

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

(B) chromosomal mutation

(A) Down syndrom

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(B) kidney

(A) appendix

(D) liver

(C) stomach

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(B) thymus

(C) spleen

(D) bone marrow

(A) pancreas

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(D) Immune responses

(A) Urine production

(B) Sexual development and function

(C) Metabolism and growth

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(C) homologous

(A) homozygous

(B) heterozygous

(D) heterohomologous

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(A) 1/2

(D) 1/16

(B) 1/4

(C) 1/8

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(A) DNA

(B) RNA

(D) nucleic acids

(C) proteins

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

(A) Inversion

(B) 2n + 1

(D) 4n

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(B) nondisjunction

(D) disjunction

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(A) synapsis

193. Which of the following is true?

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

(D) All of the above

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(B) endocrine cells

(D) neurocrine cells

(A) exocrine cells

(C) paracrine cells

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(A) M phase

(B) S phase

(C) Go phase

(D) prophase

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

(D) mitochondria

(B) nucleus

(A) ribosome

297. Meiosis

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(A) endoderm

(C) ectoderm

(D) all of the above

(B) mesoderm

239. A codon is:

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(B) Lipids

(A) Carbohydrates

(C) Proteins

(D) Nucleic acids

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

(D) A and C

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(C) alveoli

(A) bronchioles

(B) bronchi

(D) trachea

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(A) pleiotropy

(D) epistasis

(B) monogenic inheritance

(C) polygenic inheritance

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(A) 20%

(C) 40%

(B) 30%

(D) 70%

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(C) left ventricle

(A) left artium

(B) right artium

(D) right ventricle

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(A) platelets

(C) B-Lymphocytes

(D) phagocytes

(B) T-Lymphocytes

247. Ribosomes:

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

(B) participate in protein synthesis

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

179. Karyotype is

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(D) All of the above

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

(C) a transfusion of platelets

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(A) interphase and mitosis

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

(D) mitosis and meiosis

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(A) intracellular digestion

(C) lip[id transport

(B) ATP synthesis

(D) carbohydrate storage

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(D) testosterone

(A) estrogen

(C) progesterone

211. Both DNA and RNA

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

(A) are polymers of animo acids

contain phosphsate groups

(B) are single-stranded molecules

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(C) all haploid gametes

(B) all trisomic gametes

(A) all monosomic gametes

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(D) Skin and intestines

(A) Bones and muscles

(B) Muscles and skin

(C) Spine and brain

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

(C) DNA replication

(A) cytokinesis

(B) DNA replication

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(D) monosaccharides

(A) animo acds

(C) nitrogen bases

(B) nucleotides

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(B) Exons

(C) Codons

(D) Replicons

(A) Introns

204. The codon:

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

(D) is a regukative element

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(A) Produces urine

(D) Moves urine

(C) Filters blood

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(D) ecosystem

(B) species

(A) population

(C) gene pool

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

(D) None of the above

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(A) 1 and 2

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(D) B

(A) A

(B) O

(C) AB

163. Phenotype

(A) is represented by two alleles

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(B) determines the genotype

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(D) Incoplete dominance

(C) Codominance

(B) Pleiotropy

(A) Epistasis

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 1 and 4

(B) 1 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

296. Complete dominance is when:

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

183. Down syndrom results from

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(B) Genes

(C) Chromatides

(D) Bases

(A) Nuclei

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

(C) centromeres divide

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(A) alyoli

(C) placenta

(D) tracheal system

(B) lungs

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(A) 1

(C) 3

(B) 2

(D) 4

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(D) hypothalamus

(A) cetebellum

(B) thalamus

(C) medulla oblongata

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(D) All of the above

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(A) animals

(C) bacteria

(D) other viruses

(B) plants

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(B) adenine to uracil

(C) adenine to uanine

(D) adenine to cytosine

(A) adenine to thymine

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(D) neuroectoderm

(B) endoderm

(A) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

A) Occipital

D) Temporal

C) Sphenoid

B) Maxilla

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 ansd 2

(B) 1 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(D) Automaticity

(B) Reflexivity

(A) Spontaneity

(C) Mechanicity

164. As a result of silent mutation

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

(B) a chromosome disappears

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

(C) a stop codon appears

161. Enzymes are

(D) inorganic compounds

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

(A) proteins

(B) carbohydrates (

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(D) All of the above

(B) Non-sexual cells

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

(C) 23 autosomes + X

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(B) 44 autosomes + X

185. A nonsense mutation

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(B) rheumatic fever

(D) blood pressure

(A) a blood type

(C) lymph circulation

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(C) enzymes

(B) rRNA

(A) tRNA

(D) DNA

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

(D) Mast cells and platelets

140. Blood type O

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(B) heart

(C) bone marrow

(D) brain

(A) muscles

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(A) Homozygous

(B) Homologous

(D) Diplozymous

(C) heterogymous

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(A) Secretion

(C) Micturition

(B) Filtration

(D) Reabsorption

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(B) Cytokenesis

(A) Mitosis

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

(D) Meiosis

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(D) polygenic inheritance

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(C) ABO incompatibility

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

(B) an autoimmune desease

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(A) interphase

(D) prophase

(B) metaphase

(C) telophase

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

(B) Never produces progeny virus

(A) Is always malignant

Random biology final

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell