Random biology final

Welcome to your Random biology final

176. Which organ in adult human originates from embryonic ectoderm?

(D) brain

(A) muscles

(C) bone marrow

(B) heart

144. Which one of the following statements concerning mammalian red blood cells is false?

(D) they are destroyed by the liver and spleen

(C) they contain hemoglobin

(A) they are spherical in shape

(B) they lack a nucleus when mature

174. Which one is NOT a correct match

(A) deletion of the short arm of chromosome 5 – chromosomal mutation

(C) trisomy of chromosome 21 – genome mutation

(D) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta globine) – gene mutation

(B) deletion of 16 bases in exon 2 of HBB gene (coding for human beta-globine) – genome mutation

190. Which is not correct:

(A) an antigen is each foreign substance to an organism that provokes the formation of antibodies

(D) Antigents are called the microorganisms or molecules which are foreign to the body, and cause immune reactions

(B) An antigen is a molecule secreted by the lymphocytas against foreign antibodies

(C) Some antigens can be part of the host organism itself

240. In the cell cycle, which phase follows the S phase, or DNA replication?

(A) Mitosis

(D) Meiosis

(C) G2 phase, or protein synthesis

(B) Cytokenesis

292. Essential elements of the living cells are:

(D) \[H, O, C, N, H_2O, CO_2\]

(A) \[H_2O, CO_2, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids \]

(B) H, O, C,N, P and S

(C) Cu, Zn, Mo, Co, Mn, B, Se, F, I

153. To an ecologist, an “Interbreeding group of individuals that occupies a specific geographic area” is a (an)

(D) ecosystem

(B) species

(A) population

(C) gene pool

247. Ribosomes:

(D) are double-membrane-bound organelles

(A) are membrane -bound organelles

(B) participate in protein synthesis

(C) participate in the symthesis of steroid hormones

242. What are the coding segments of a stretch of eukaryotic DNA called?

(A) Introns

(C) Codons

(D) Replicons

(B) Exons

239. A codon is:

(B) Group of three nucleodides in rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

(A) Group of three nucleotides in mRNA (messanger RNA)

(C) Group of three nucleotides in tRNA ( transfer RNA)

(D) Group of four nucleotides in mRNA (messenger RNA)

254. Which of the following organs is located beneath the diaphragm in the right upper quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

(C) stomach

(A) appendix

(B) kidney

(D) liver

288. An individual who has two of the same allele is said to be:

(B) Homologous

(D) Diplozymous

(C) heterogymous

(A) Homozygous

216. The xpression "Rh negative" refers to:

(B) rheumatic fever

(C) lymph circulation

(D) blood pressure

(A) a blood type

160. Primary protein structur

(A) is determined by the type of amino acid residues in the polypeptide chain

(D) can be a spiral or beta shee

(C) is determined by the number, type and arrangement of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

(B) is determined by the folding of the polypeptide chain in the space t

181. Nondisjunction during the second meiotic division will result in which of the following gametes?

(A) all monosomic gametes

(B) all trisomic gametes

(C) all haploid gametes

(D) two haploid gametes, one diploid gamete, and one missing a copy of one of the chromosomes

177. Population is

(B) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(C) a group of individuals of one species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(A) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a continuous period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

(D) a group of individuals of different species which inhabit part of the species area for a short period of time, interbreed freely and produce fertile offspring

261. Some viruses are surounded by a membranous envelope which originates from the:

(A) synthesis of lipids in the virus ans proteins in the host cell

(C) synthesis of proteins and lipids inside the virus

(B) synthesis of proteins in the virus and lipids in the host cell

(D) plasma membrane of the host cell

145. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it store?

(B) posterior pituitary

(A) pineal gland

(C) pancreas

(D) adrenal cortex

162. During which phase of mitosis chromosomes become visible?

(C) telophase

(B) metaphase

(D) prophase

(A) interphase

210. The mRNA codons are translated into an animo acid sequence by:

(A) tRNA

(C) enzymes

(D) DNA

(B) rRNA

194. The function of miosis in intestinal jusices is to:

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(A) Break down all components of chyme

(C) Emulsify fats

(D) Dissolve carbohydrates for absorption

202. Cerlls that secrete product into the extracellular matrix, influencing other nearby cells without the product entering the circulation, are called

(D) neurocrine cells

(B) endocrine cells

(A) exocrine cells

(C) paracrine cells

281. What kind of cell work to consume bacteria and remove damaged tissue and debris?

(B) Macrophages and mast cells

(C) Platelets and fibroblasts

(D) Mast cells and platelets

(A) Neutrophils and macrophages

196. Each chromosome consists of two identical:

(B) Genes

(C) Chromatides

(D) Bases

(A) Nuclei

262. Various regions of the three embryonic germ layers in human embryo develop into organs and tissues in the adult. Which of the following is CORRECT?

(1) mesoderm - muscles and bones (2) ectoderm - eyes spinal cord
(3) endoderm - liver and ovary (4) mesoderm - brain and heart

(A) 1 and 2

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 2 and 3

259. Which of the following statement best summarizes the structural differences between DNA and RNA?

(C) RNA is a protein, whereas DNA is a nucleic acid

(A) DNA is a protein whereas RNA is a nucleic acid.

(B) DNA nucleotides contain a different sugar from RNA nucleotides

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

233. How is modified as it passes over the nasal mucosa?

(D) All of the above

(A) Particles are filtered out of mucus and coarse hairs

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

(C) Air is warmed by capillaries

257. Endocrine glands:

(B) secrete their products into the blood

(A) secrete vitamins

(C) begin functionning in adolescence

(D) cease functioning after adolescence

251. The ability of the human body to regulate the level of blood glucose is an example of:

(C) osmosis

(A) homeostasis

(D) aerobic circulation

(B) blood circulation

207. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. The infant is most likely at risk for developing of:

(A) drug-induced hemolytic anemia

(B) an autoimmune desease

(C) ABO incompatibility

(D) Rh hemolytic desease of the newborn

146. In the pulmonary circuit, the (1) half of the heart pumps (2) blood to the alveoli of the lungs, and then (3) blood flows back to the heart.

(D) 1-right; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(B) 1-left; 2-oxygenated; 3-deoxygenated

(C) 1-right; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

(A) 1-left; 2-deoxygenated; 3-oxygenated

278. The smooth muscle of digestive track pusches food forward in contractile waves called:

(D) Tenesmus

(C) Deglutition

(B) Peristaisis

(A) Churning

253. Which of the following structures is/are involved in gas exchange in a developing fetus?

(A) alyoli

(B) lungs

(C) placenta

(D) tracheal system

167. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(D) prophase

(A) M phase

(B) S phase

(C) Go phase

286. The function of mucus in intestinal juices is to:

(C) Emulsify fats

(D) Disolve carbohydrates for absorption

(B) protect the intestinal lining

(A) Break down all components of chyme

264. Which of the statement is true to the following diagram of the plasma membrane?

(A) The plasma membrane is composed of lipids (1) and proteins (2)

(B) Part (2) illustrates globular proteins.

(D) Part (3) shows the bilayer of phospholipids.

(C) Part (3) plays a critical role in the cell recognition.

263. Which of the following can be absorbed in the digestive track without any hydrolysis?

(A) glycogen

(D) glucose

(C) polypeptide

(B) surcrose

192. In spermatogenesis the phase of maturation involves:

(D) None of the above

(B) Formation of germ through meiosis

(C) Formation of sperm calles through meiosis

(A) Division of germ cells through mitosis

193. Which of the following is true?

(B) Red blood cells contain hemoglobin which binds to oxygen

(D) All of the above

(C) Red blood cells transport oxygen

(A) Mature red blood cells do not contain a nucleus

225. Pleiotropism describes:

(C) a single trait being influenced by swvwral genes

(B) gene interaction of multiple alleles

(D) polygenic inheritance

(A) a singe genehaving multiople effects

139. Skin color inheritance in man is an example of

(B) monogenic inheritance

(D) epistasis

(A) pleiotropy

(C) polygenic inheritance

212. Which one of the following blood vessels carries deoxygenate blood in mammals?

(C) pulmonary vein

(A) aoria

(B) pulmonary artery

(D) coronary artery

260. During the process of translation, the information in:

(A) RNA is converted into DNA information

(C) proteins are converted into mRNA information

(B) mRNA is converted iito protein information

(D) DNA is converted into RNA information

211. Both DNA and RNA

(B) are single-stranded molecules

(A) are polymers of animo acids

contain phosphsate groups

(C) contain the same four nucleotide bases

187. Which of the following is not a flat bone?

(A) Rib

(D) Vertebra

(C) Scapula

(B) Frontal bone

249. Hypothalamus controls:

(1) body temperature (2) heart rate
(3) sleep (4) muscle action

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 1 and 3

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

267. Viruses can NOT infect:

(B) plants

(A) animals

(C) bacteria

(D) other viruses

229. All of the following proceses occur in the eukaryotic cell nucleus except:

(D) capping of messenger RNA (mRNA)

(A) transcription

(C) DNA replication

(B) translation

285. The cell membrane is build up of:

(B) Sigle layer of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(A) Two layers of psospholipid molecules and regularly arranged

(C) Two layers of phospholipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

(D) Two layers of glycolipid molecules and irregularly arranged proteins

214. Synapsis occurs during:

(B) anaphase I of meiosis

(C) prophase I of meiosis

(A) telophase I of meiosis

(D) anaphase of mitosis

246. The primary role of a lysosome is:

(B) Intracellular digestion

(C) Lipid transport

(D) Carbohydrate storage

(A) ATP Synthesis

141. Proteins

(B) are composed of amino acids bound together by peptide bonds

(C) are composed of amino acids bound together by phosphate bonds

(D) contain C, H, O, and N atoms

(A) are composed of 40 different types of amino acids

258. Which of the following contains regulatory centers of the respiratory circulatory systems?

(B) thalamus

(A) cetebellum

(D) hypothalamus

(C) medulla oblongata

271. Vitamins

(B) are necessary for growth and development

(C) are needed in large amounts

(A) provide energy

(D) are all synthesized in the body

147. Which one best describes pancreas:

Correct answers to this question could be A and C

(D) a section of the digestive system, where water is absorbed from food and the remaining material is eliminated from the body

(B) an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal that contributes in digestion

(C) a gland that secretes digestive juice into the duodenum, where it mixes with bile to digest food

(A) an organ that completes the chemical digestion of food and absorbs nutrients

293. Which of the following is correct with regard to aneuploidy?

(B) 2n + 1

(D) 4n

(C) All aneuploid individuals die before birth

(A) Inversion

218. Vasopressin is synthesized in the hypothalamus. Where is it stored?

(C) pancreas

(A) pineal gland

(B) posterior pituitary

(D) adrenal cortex

221. The rate of the human heartbeat is controlled by which of the following?

(B) autonomic nervous system

(D) resting potentials

(C) synaptic vesicles

(A) peripheral nervous system

209. As a result of meiosis the danghter cells (sperms of egs) carry:

(A) haploid chromosome number (n)

(B) tetraploid chromosome number (4n)

(C) diploid chromosome number (2n)

(D) monosomic chromosome number (n-1)

175. Chromosomal complement of a normal mature human oocyte is

(C) 23 autosomes + X

(B) 44 autosomes + X

(D) 23 autosomes + XX

(A) 44 autosomes + XX

297. Meiosis

(C) Does not consist of the four conventional phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

D) Is typical for the somatic cells

(A) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a haploid one

(B) Comprises two consecutive divisions leading to the reduction of the chromosome set to a diploid one

220. Which of the following hormones stimulates the maturation of reproductive structures in both male and female hummans?

(D) testosterone

(C) progesterone

(B) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

(A) estrogen

231. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(A) The primary urine is produced by filtration in the glomeruli of the kidneys

(C) Kidneys possess endocrine function and produce several important hormones

(B) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are excreted through the urine formed in the kidneys

(D) Urea, uric acid and creatinine are actively reabsorbed in the tubules of the kidney

182. In Meiosis which of the following occurs?

(A) a haploit cell gives rise to two haploit cells

(B) a diploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(D) haploit cell gives rise to four haploit cells

(C) a diploit cell gives rise to two diploit cells

168. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

(B) it sorts and packages proteins made in the endoplasmic reticulum

(D) it synthesizes lipids and transports synthesized proteins.

(A) it controls the cell’s activities and stores its DNA.

(C) it is the site of protein synthesis.

156. Which event occurs in meiosis but NOT in mitosis?

(A) chromosome condensation

(C) chromosome movement to poles

(B) crossing over

(D) chromatid separation

284. In gas exchange (External respiration):

(D) Oxygen is chemically transformed into carbon dioxide within the alveoli

(B) Carbon dioxide diffuses from alveoli into capilaries, oxygen diffuses from capillaries into alveoli

(A) Oxygen diffuses from alveoli into capillaries, carbon dioxide diffuses from capilaries into alveoli

(C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide is carried from alveoli into the broncioles

191. Which of the following is the structural unit of the nervous system

(A) Axon

(D) Cyton

(C) Neuron

(B) Nephron

241. Which blood types can be found in children whose both parents have O blood groups?

(B) O

(C) AB

(A) A

(D) B

173. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(B) duplication

(C) trisomy

(D) monosomy

(A) inversion

222. Which of the following occurs in the first divisional sequence of meiosis

(A) diploid daughet cells are produced

(B) single-chromatides move to the poles

(C) centromeres divide

(D) homologous chromosomes synapse

158. The following diagram illustrates a change in a chromosome. It is an example for

(C) gene mutation

(A) chromosomal deletion

(B) chromosomal inversion

(D) genomic mutation

165. The nucleic acid which contains deoxyribose, phosphoric acid and nitrogen bases A, T and C is

(C) viral RNA

(B) DNA

(A) RNA

(D) bacterial RNA

148. Identify urinary bladder in this diagram

(D) 4

(B) 2

(A) 1

(C) 3

143. Which one is NOT a long bone?

(D) radius

(C) sternum

(A) tibia

(B) femur

166. During meiosis, pairing of homologous chromosomes occurs, which permits large segments of DNA to be exchanged. What is this process called?

(A) synapsis

(B) nondisjunction

(C) crossing over 7. DNA replication occurs in which phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle?

(D) disjunction

274. Which of the following organs is correctly paired with its function?

(1) Testes - produces testosterone, a male sex hormone
(2) prostate gland - produces progesterone, a male sex hormone
(3) seminal vesicles - maturation and storage of sperm
(4) Ovary - produces progesterone, a female sex hormone

(C) 2 and 4

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 ansd 2

(B) 1 and 4

179. Karyotype is

(D) the number and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(A) the number, shape and size of compact chromosomes in somatic cells of all the individuals in a species

(C) normally is different in all the individuals in a species

(B) the same in all the living organisms

276. The alimentary canal consists of the:

(A) Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(D) Pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small

(B) Stomach, small intestine, large intestine

(C) Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

152. Regions of active gene transcription are found in:

(C) Barr bodies

(D) polyribosomes

(A) Lampbrush chromosomes

(B) heterochromatin regions

150. Which blood cells do not have a nucleus?

(D) phagocytes

(B) T-Lymphocytes

(A) platelets

(C) B-Lymphocytes

223. At what stage of cell division does synapsis occur?

(B) prophase of mitosis and meiosis

(D) prophase of the first meiotic division

(A) anaphase of mitosis and meiosis

(C) metaphase of mitosis and meiosis

198. A radioactive marker was applied to the mesoderm of mammalism embiryo. Which tissues or organs would have this marker in the adult:

(C) Spine and brain

(D) Skin and intestines

(A) Bones and muscles

(B) Muscles and skin

180. An individual with two identical alleles of a certain gene is

(B) heterozygous

(A) homozygous

(C) homologous

(D) heterohomologous

250. The diagram below is the human heart. The chamber labelled 3 is:

(B) right artium

(C) left ventricle

(A) left artium

(D) right ventricle

232. The cells of the cardiac conduction system have the ability to create their ownaction potentials, this is known as:

(B) Reflexivity

(D) Automaticity

(A) Spontaneity

(C) Mechanicity

230. In the formation of the double spiral of DNA which bonds to which:

(A) adenine to thymine

(C) adenine to uanine

(B) adenine to uracil

(D) adenine to cytosine

149. Which organ or tissue is not an integral part of the immune system?

(A) pancreas

(B) thymus

(C) spleen

(D) bone marrow

195. Which is not correct? The cell cycle:

(A) Is called the sequence of cell groth

(D) Some specialized in a certain function cells do not devide

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

255. In the lungs, gas exchange occurs in tiny one-celled air sacs called:

(C) alveoli

(D) trachea

(B) bronchi

(A) bronchioles

205. Translation is a process of the biosynthesis of:

(A) DNA

(B) RNA

(C) proteins

(D) nucleic acids

248. Which of the following molecules contain animo acids?

(1) pepsin (2) vitamin D
(3) starch (4) antibodies

(C) 1 and 4

(B) 1 and 3

(D) 3 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

208. A 28-year-old woman labor is rushed to the hospital by her husband. It is quickly detrermined, she has a 3-year-old child who is Rh positive, and the father is Rh positive. Which of the following agents will most likely protect the baby from developing the disease?

(D) anti-Rh entibody (Rh immunoglobulin)

(C) a transfusion of platelets

(A) Rh-positive erythrocytes

(B) albumin from Rh-positive donors

256. Female hormones are produced by which of the following?

(D) ovary

(B) uterus

(C) fallopian tube

(A) vagina

201. All of the following actions occur in mitosis except:

(C) DNA replication

(A) cytokinesis

(D) the nuclear memebrane and nucleus disapear

(B) DNA replication

157. Thirty percent (30%) of the nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule are adenine (A). What is the percentage of guanine (G) bases in this DNA molecule?

(B) 30%

(C) 40%

(A) 20%

(D) 70%

204. The codon:

(A) is a triplet located within a molecular DNA

(D) is a regukative element

(C) complementary connects to a part of tRNA

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular tRNA

252. The tissue that senses stimuli and transmits electrical signals to the brain and other parts of the body is known as:

(C) muscle tissue

(D) adipose tissue

(A) epithilial tissue

(B) nervous tissue

199. Pancreatic islets consists of alpha, beta, and delta cells, which secrete glucagon, insulin, and somiatosiatin, respectively. These cells are derived from:

(A) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

(B) endoderm

243. All of the following statements are false EXCEPT:

(D) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(B) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil

(A) DNA is composed from: ribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

236. Which of the following best describes the flow of information in eukaryotic cells?

(D) Proteins-->DNA-->RNA

(A) Proteins -->RNA-->DNA

(C) RNA-->proteins-->DNA

(B) DNA-->RNA-->proteins

275. A human cell that contains 22 autosomes and a X chromosome must be:

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell

(D) 3 and 4

(B) 1 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

277. How is the air modified as it pases over the nasal mucosa?

(D) All of the above

(A) Particles are fitened out by mucus and coarse hairs

(C) Air is warmed by capilaries

(B) Bacteria are destroyed by antibiotics secreted by seromucous glands

155. Cellular respiration occurs in

(A) ribosome

(B) nucleus

(D) mitochondria

(C) rough endoplasmic reticulum

189. Changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA which are't passed to offsprings occur in

(A) Eggs and sperm cells

(C) Diploid and haploit cells

(B) Non-sexual cells

(D) All of the above

270. In the cross AaBb x AaBb, what is the probability of producing the genotype aabb?

(C) 1/8

(A) 1/2

(D) 1/16

(B) 1/4

170. All of the following are true EXCEPT

(B) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(A) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

(C) a dominant allele produces a dominant phenotype in individuals who have two copies of the allele

(D) a recessive allele produces a recessive phenotype in individuals who have one copy of the allele

142. The cardiovascular system is derived from

(D) neuroectoderm

(C) ectoderm

(A) mesoderm

(B) endoderm

265. During the process of transcription, the information in:

(A) DNA is converted into RNA information.

(B) RNA is converted into DNA information.

((C) protein is converted into RNA information.

(D) RNA is converted into protein information.

185. A nonsense mutation

(A) Causes one animo acid to be substituted for another in a polypeptite chain

(D) Results in the formation of an abnormally short polypeptidechain because of premature stop-codon is introducerd

(C) Results in the formation of one or more baes, leading to a shift in the reading frame

(B) Results in the deletion of one of more bases, leading for a shift in the reading frame

279. Water is conserved through the process of:

(B) Filtration

(C) Micturition

(D) Reabsorption

(A) Secretion

268. A cell cycle consists of:

(D) mitosis and meiosis

(A) interphase and mitosis

(B) G1, the S phase, and G2

(C) prophase, metaphse, anaphase, and telophase

213. Glucoeorticoids are produced by the:

(C) adrenal cortex

(A) thyroid

(B) pituitary

(D) pancreas

291. All of the following bones are cranial bones, except:

B) Maxilla

D) Temporal

A) Occipital

C) Sphenoid

238: All of the following statemnts are false Except:

(A) DNA is composed from: phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(B) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

(C) RNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

(D) DNA is composed from: deoxyribose, phosphate group, four nitrogen bases: adenine, quanine, cytosine, uracil

186. Postembrionic development consists of

(A) Three statges of growth and development, of adult individualand of old age

(D) Of four stages of birt, of growth and development, af individual and of old age

(B) Three stages of growth and development of birth and of adult individual

(C) Two stages of growth and development and of adult individual

154. When two kinds of organisms both use a resource that is in short supply, the usual end result is that

(C) one species will win out and eliminate the other

(A) both species modify their needs and use some substitute

(B) both species survive as long as possible, and then die out

(D) the amount of the resource expands to fill the need

232. The following body functions are regulated by glands in the endocrine system, except:

(C) Metabolism and growth

(B) Sexual development and function

(D) Immune responses

(A) Urine production

283. Blood does all of the following, except:

(B) Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

(D) Produce stem cells

(A) Destroy invading pathogens

(C) Transport endocrine hormones

137. A pair of homologous chromosomes is presented in the figure. During meiosis crossing over occurs and random segregation takes place. What genotypes are produced?

A) ABG, ABG, abg, abg

(C) ABG, Abg, aBG, abg

(B) ABG, ABg, abG, abg

(D) ABG, aBg, Abg, abg

215. Monosomy is:

(C) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is lost

(A) Down syndrom

(B) chromosomal mutation

(D) if 1 chromosome from the diploid set is added

163. Phenotype

(B) determines the genotype

(C) is a result of gene expression and influence of the environment

(D) is the set of 46 chromosomes in human

(A) is represented by two alleles

188. What is the purpose of the trachea's cartilagenous rings?

(B) Push air along the length of the trached by peristalsis

(A) Support the trachea and keep it from collapsing or over expandinhg

(D) A and C

(C) Give the trachea flexibility to allow passage food through the esophagus

282. Which of the following statements is NOT true?

(C) The kidneys produce renin which is involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure

(A) The kidneys produce erythropoietin which stimulates the generation of red blood cells

(B) The kidneys produce calcitonin and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

(D) The kidneys produce vitamine D3 and regulate the calcium and phosphorus metabolism in the body

197. In the kidney, the correct sequence of formation of urine involves the following processes:

(B) Reabsorptionglomerular filtration, tabular secretion

(D) Reabsorption, tubular secretion, glomerular filtration

(C) Glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, reabsorption

(A) Glomerular filtration, reabsorption, tabular secretion

266. Which of the following is an anticodon?

(A) The part of a DNA molecule that codes for chain termination.

(D) A nucleotide triplet of an rRNA molecule.

(C) A specific part of the tRNA molecule.

(B) A 3-nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule.

233. Substances that recognize the antigens on forein microbes and act as tags that identify the invaders are called:

(B) Antibodies

(C) Antibiotics

(D) Interferons

(A) Hormones

296. Complete dominance is when:

(D) Both the alleles of a gene express themeselves in the hetero

(C) Characteristics are determined by the allelles of more than one gene

(B) One allele in a heterozygous genotype completely s the effect of the other

(A) Characteristics are determined by the alleles of a single gene

287. What is not correct? The cell cycle:

(B) Is the same for all the animal cells

(A) Is called the sequence of cell growth, preparation for division and the division to two daughter cells

(C) Coincides with the division cycle when the cell, once formed, goes through preparation for new division

(D) Some specialized in a ceratin function calls do not divide

206. The monomers of proteins are:

(A) animo acds

(D) monosaccharides

(C) nitrogen bases

(B) nucleotides

235. A relationship between A and B alleles for the synthesis of antigens from ABO blood group is:

(D) Incoplete dominance

(A) Epistasis

(C) Codominance

(B) Pleiotropy

161. Enzymes are

(D) inorganic compounds

(B) carbohydrates (

(C) carbohydrates and proteins

(A) proteins

200. The cardiovascular system is derived from:

(A) mesoderm

(C) ectoderm

(B) endoderm

(D) neuroectoderm

228. The nervous system is derived from:

(C) ectoderm

(A) endoderm

(B) mesoderm

(D) all of the above

183. Down syndrom results from

(B) the presence of an extra chromosome in position 21

(A) the absence of a chromosome in position 21

(D) crossing-over of the chromosomes in position 21

(C) the absence of both chromosomes in position 21

226. The direction of transfer of genetic information in most living things is:

(D) protein _> tRNA -> DNA

(A) protein ->DNA->mRNA

(B) DNA -> mRNA ->protein

(C) DNA -> tRNA -> protein

169. Stages of meiotic prophase I occur in following order

(B) pachytene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(A) zygotene, Leptotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

(C) diplotene, Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diakinesis

(D) leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene, Diakinesis

237. Which of the following store and transmit hereditary information?

(A) Carbohydrates

(C) Proteins

(B) Lipids

(D) Nucleic acids

234. Which of the following about plasma membrane is not true?

(B) it protects the cell's cytoplasm

(D) it contains most of a cell's DNA

(A) it is made of lipid molecules

(C) it contains proteins

245. Which of the following statements is not true

(D) As a result of meiosis, gametes receive only half the number of parental chromosomes

(C) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is haploid

(A) Gametes (sperms and eggs) are formed by meiosis

(B) When an egg and sperm fuse, the newly formed cell (zygote) has the full number of chromosomes and is deploid

294. Blood serum

(B) Does not contain fibrinogen and other blood cloting substances

(C) Is a synonym of blood plasma

(D) Consists of pure water

(A) Consists of the liquid portion of the blood

203. The codon:

(A) is a tripolet located within a molecular of tRNA

(B) is a triplet located within a molecular of mRNA

(D) is incorporated in the inner membrane of the mitochondria

(C) is a regulative element

138. The mutation which will NOT affect the length of a protein

(B) frameshift mutation

(D) all of these

(A) nonsense mutation

(C) missense mutation

272. Which of the following enzymes act as oral cavity?

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

273. Which of the following is a function of the human kidney?

(1) production of blood cells (2) Excretion of glucose
(3) Excretion of toxins (4) Regulation of sodium in the blood

(D) 3 and 4

(C) 2 and 4

(A) 1 and 2

(B) 2 and 3

171. In the DNA molecule

(B) the total amount of purine nucleotides and pyrimidine nucleotides is not always equal

(D) the proportion of cytosine in relation to guanine varies with the organism

(C) there are two strands that run antiparallel to each other

(A) there are two strands that run parallel in 5’3’ direction

151. Translation undergoes the following stages

(B) initiation and elongation of the polypeptide chain

(D) initiation, elongation and termination of the polypeptide chain

(C) initiation and elongation of the polynucleotide chain

(A) initiation and termination of the polypeptide chain

140. Blood type O

(A) contains antigens A and B on the erythrocytes (

(C) contains no antigens of system AB0 on the erythrocytes

(D) contains no antibodies α and β in the serum

(B) contains antibodies A and B on the erythrocytes

269. The primary role of a mitochondrion is:

(D) carbohydrate storage

(C) lip[id transport

(A) intracellular digestion

(B) ATP synthesis

172. A child is born with Down syndrome and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(C) deletion

(A) hybridization

(B) nondisjunction

(D) crossing-over

290. Why is surfactant in alveolar fluid important?

(D) It reduces surface tension so that alveoli can maintain their shape

(B) It echanges oxygen and carbon dioxide

(A) It facilitates particle absorption

(C) It produces antibiotics that clean the alveolar surface

164. As a result of silent mutation

(D) the DNA sequence is not changed

(A) the protein that is to be produced is not changed

(C) a stop codon appears

(B) a chromosome disappears

231. A nephron is a tiny structure in the kidneys that:

(D) Moves urine

(B) Stimulates the pituitary gland

(C) Filters blood

(A) Produces urine

280. The metabolism and growth are overseen by:

(C) Adrenals

(B) Thymus

(D) Thyroid gland

(A) Parathyroid gland

295. A cell that is transformed by a virus

(C) Exhibits normal growth patterns

D) Expresses one or more viral genes

(A) Is always malignant

(B) Never produces progeny virus

178. Mitochondria

(C) are small oval two membrane bodies that provide cell with energy

(D) are small particles composed of rRNA and proteins that provide cell with energy

(A) are small oval one membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

(B) are small oval two membrane bodies that participate in protein synthesis

224. In an emergency, a person with blood type AB could receive blood from persons with blood type:

(B) B

(D) all of the above

(A) A

(C) O

184. A child is born with Down syndrom and an extra chromosome 21 is found in each of its cells. This condition is usually the result of

(A) Hybridization

(C) Deletion

(D) Crossing-over

(B) Nondisjunction

159. Because the gene for hemophilia is located on the X-chromosome, it is normally impossible for a

(D) carrier mother to pass the gene to her daughter

(A) carrier mother to pass the gene to her son

(B) hemophiliac father to pass the gene on to his son

(C) hemophiliac father to pass the gene to his daughter

219. The prostate gland plays a major role in the production of:

amniotic fluid

(C) urine

(A) seminal fluid

(B) testosterone

217. Codons are:

(B) group of four nucleotides

(C) group of two nucleotides

(D) polypeptide triplets

(A) mucleotide triplets

289. Postembrionic development consists of

(C) Two stages: of growth and development and of adult individual

(D) Of four stages: of birth, of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(A) Three stages: of growth and development, of adult individual, and of old age

(B) Three stages: of growth and development, of birth, andof adult individual

227. The ecosystem consists of:

(A) the combination of all living organisms in a certain area

(D) the abiotic components of the environment

(B) the dominating species in the community

(C) the community and the biotope

Random biology final

(1) a somatic cell of a female (2) a somatic cell of a male (3) a sperm cell (4) an egg cell

1. pepsin 2. trypsin 3. amylase 4. maltase

(1) a somatic cell of a female
(2) a somatic cell of a male
(3) a sperm cell
(4) an egg cell